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First published online June 24, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.033993

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The Plant Cell 17:2413-2420 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

D-GLYCERATE 3-KINASE, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Photorespiratory Cycle in Arabidopsis, Belongs to a Novel Kinase Family

Ralf Boldta, Christoph Ednera,1, Üner Kolukisaoglua, Martin Hagemanna, Wolfram Weckwerthb, Stefanie Wienkoopb, Katja Morgenthalb and Hermann Bauwea,2

a University of Rostock, Bioscience Institute, Plant Physiology Department, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
b Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Golm, Germany

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail hermann.bauwe{at}uni-rostock.de; fax 49-381-498-6112.

D-GLYCERATE 3-KINASE (GLYK; EC 2.7.1.31) catalyzes the concluding reaction of the photorespiratory C2 cycle, an indispensable ancillary metabolic pathway to the photosynthetic C3 cycle that enables land plants to grow in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Except for GLYK, all other enzymes that contribute to the C2 cycle are known by their primary structures, and the encoding genes have been identified. We have purified and partially sequenced this yet missing enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana and identified it as a putative kinase-annotated single-copy gene At1g80380. The exclusive catalytic properties of the gene product were confirmed after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional knockout mutants show no GLYK activity and are not viable in normal air; however, they grow under elevated CO2, providing direct evidence of the obligatory nature of the ultimate step of the C2 cycle. The newly identified GLYK is both structurally and phylogenetically distinct from known glycerate kinases from bacteria and animals. Orthologous enzymes are present in other plants, fungi, and some cyanobacteria. The metabolic context of GLYK activity in fungi and cyanobacteria remains to be investigated.


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