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First published online July 29, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.034009

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The Plant Cell 17:2542-2553 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

The 14–Amino Acid CLV3, CLE19, and CLE40 Peptides Trigger Consumption of the Root Meristem in Arabidopsis through a CLAVATA2-Dependent Pathway{boxw}

Martijn Fiersa,b, Elzbieta Golemiecc, Jian Xud, Lonneke van der Geesta, Renze Heidstrab,d, Willem Stiekemab and Chun-Ming Liua,b,1

a Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
b Centre for BioSystems Genomics, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
c Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
d Department of Molecular Genetics, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail chunming.liu{at}wur.nl; fax 31-317-418094.

CLAVATA3 (CLV3), CLV3/ESR19 (CLE19), and CLE40 belong to a family of 26 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana that encode putative peptide ligands with unknown identity. It has been shown previously that ectopic expression of any of these three genes leads to a consumption of the root meristem. Here, we show that in vitro application of synthetic 14–amino acid peptides, CLV3p, CLE19p, and CLE40p, corresponding to the conserved CLE motif, mimics the overexpression phenotype. The same result was observed when CLE19 protein was applied externally. Interestingly, clv2 failed to respond to the peptide treatment, suggesting that CLV2 is involved in the CLE peptide signaling. Crossing of the CLE19 overexpression line with clv mutants confirms the involvement of CLV2. Analyses using tissue-specific marker lines revealed that the peptide treatments led to a premature differentiation of the ground tissue daughter cells and misspecification of cell identity in the pericycle and endodermis layers. We propose that these 14–amino acid peptides represent the major active domain of the corresponding CLE proteins, which interact with or saturate an unknown cell identity-maintaining CLV2 receptor complex in roots, leading to consumption of the root meristem.




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