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Arabidopsis NRP1 and NRP2 Encode Histone Chaperones and Are Required for Maintaining Postembryonic Root Growth^[W]

^a Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Laboratoire Propre du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Propre de Recherche 2357), Conventionné avec l'Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
^b Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
^c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
^d Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, UEVE, 91057 Evry cedex, France

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail awdong001{at}yahoo.com.cn or wen-hui.shen{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr; fax 86-21-65643603 or 33-3-88614442.

NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN1 (NAP1) is conserved from yeast to human and was proposed to act as a histone chaperone. While budding yeast contains a single NAP1 gene, multicellular organisms, including plants and animals, contain several NAP1 and NAP1-RELATED PROTEIN (NRP) genes. However, the biological role of these genes has been largely unexamined. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, simultaneous knockout of the two NRP genes, NRP1 and NRP2, impaired postembryonic root growth. In the nrp1-1 nrp2-1 double mutant, arrest of cell cycle progression at G2/M and disordered cellular organization occurred in root tips. The mutant seedlings exhibit perturbed expression of 100 genes, including some genes involved in root proliferation and patterning. The mutant plants are highly sensitive to genotoxic stress and show increased levels of DNA damage and the release of transcriptional gene silencing. NRP1 and NRP2 are localized in the nucleus and can form homomeric and heteromeric protein complexes. Both proteins specifically bind histones H2A and H2B and associate with chromatin in vivo. We propose that NRP1 and NRP2 act as H2A/H2B chaperones in the maintenance of dynamic chromatin in epigenetic inheritance.

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