This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: 18/8/1833    most recent tpc.106.042978v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Related articles in Plant Cell Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (22) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by de Martino, G. Articles by Irish, V. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by de Martino, G. Articles by Irish, V. F. Agricola Articles by de Martino, G. Articles by Irish, V. F.

Functional Analyses of Two Tomato APETALA3 Genes Demonstrate Diversification in Their Roles in Regulating Floral Development^[W]

^a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
^b Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel 76100
^c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail vivian.irish{at}yale.edu; fax 203-432-5711.

The floral homeotic APETALA3 (AP3) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a MADS box transcription factor required for specifying petal and stamen identities. AP3 is a member of the euAP3 lineage, which arose by gene duplication coincident with radiation of the core eudicots. Although Arabidopsis lacks genes in the paralogous Tomato MADS box gene 6 (TM6) lineage, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) possesses both euAP3 and TM6 genes, which have functionally diversified. A loss-of-function mutation in Tomato AP3 (TAP3) resulted in homeotic transformations of both petals and stamens, whereas RNA interference–induced reduction in TM6 function resulted in flowers with homeotic defects primarily in stamens. The functional differences between these genes can be ascribed partly to different expression domains. When overexpressed in an equivalent domain, both genes can partially rescue the tap3 mutant, indicating that relative levels as well as spatial patterns of expression contribute to functional differences. Our results also indicate that the two proteins have differing biochemical capabilities. Together, these results suggest that TM6 and TAP3 play qualitatively different roles in floral development; they also support the ideas that the ancestral role of AP3 lineage genes was in specifying stamen development and that duplication and divergence in the AP3 lineage allowed for the acquisition of a role in petal specification in the core eudicots.

Related articles in Plant Cell:

Functional Divergence of AP3 Genes in the MAD World of Flower Development

Nancy A. Eckardt
Plant Cell 2006 18: 1779-1781. [Full Text]  

This article has been cited by other articles:

				V. F. Irish Evolution of petal identity J. Exp. Bot., July 1, 2009; 60(9): 2517 - 2527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Hileman and V. F. Irish More is better: the uses of developmental genetic data to reconstruct perianth evolution Am. J. Botany, January 1, 2009; 96(1): 83 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Rasmussen, E. M. Kramer, and E. A. Zimmer One size fits all? Molecular evidence for a commonly inherited petal identity program in Ranunculales Am. J. Botany, January 1, 2009; 96(1): 96 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Diaz-Riquelme, D. Lijavetzky, J. M. Martinez-Zapater, and M. J. Carmona Genome-Wide Analysis of MIKCC-Type MADS Box Genes in Grapevine Plant Physiology, January 1, 2009; 149(1): 354 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Carmona, J. Chaib, J. M. Martinez-Zapater, and M. R. Thomas A molecular genetic perspective of reproductive development in grapevine J. Exp. Bot., July 1, 2008; 59(10): 2579 - 2596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. H. Leseberg, C. L. Eissler, X. Wang, M. A. Johns, M. R. Duvall, and L. Mao Interaction study of MADS-domain proteins in tomato J. Exp. Bot., May 17, 2008; (2008) ern094v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Drea, L. C. Hileman, G. de Martino, and V. F. Irish Functional analyses of genetic pathways controlling petal specification in poppy Development, December 1, 2007; 134(23): 4157 - 4166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. E. Bartley and B. K. Ishida Ethylene-sensitive and insensitive regulation of transcription factor expression during in vitro tomato sepal ripening J. Exp. Bot., June 1, 2007; 58(8): 2043 - 2051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Yadav, K. Prasad, and U. Vijayraghavan Divergent Regulatory OsMADS2 Functions Control Size, Shape and Differentiation of the Highly Derived Rice Floret Second-Whorl Organ Genetics, May 1, 2007; 176(1): 283 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Flowering Newsletter bibliography for 2006 J. Exp. Bot., April 20, 2007; (2007) erm028v2. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. M. Kramer, L. Holappa, B. Gould, M. A. Jaramillo, D. Setnikov, and P. M. Santiago Elaboration of B Gene Function to Include the Identity of Novel Floral Organs in the Lower Eudicot Aquilegia PLANT CELL, March 1, 2007; 19(3): 750 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Hileman, J. F. Sundstrom, A. Litt, M. Chen, T. Shumba, and V. F. Irish Molecular and Phylogenetic Analyses of the MADS-Box Gene Family in Tomato Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2006; 23(11): 2245 - 2258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]