First published online January 19, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.106.047720
The Plant Cell 19:237-255 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists
The Arabidopsis irregular xylem8 Mutant Is Deficient in Glucuronoxylan and Homogalacturonan, Which Are Essential for Secondary Cell Wall Integrity[W]
Staffan Perssona,
Kerry Hosmer Caffallb,
Glenn Freshourb,
Matthew T. Hilleyb,
Stefan Bauera,
Patricia Poindextera,
Michael G. Hahnb,
Debra Mohnenb and
Chris Somervillea,c,1
a Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305
b Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712
c Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail crs{at}stanford.edu; fax 650-325-6857.
The secondary cell wall in higher plants consists mainly of cellulose, lignin, and xylan and is the major component of biomass in many species. The Arabidopsis thaliana irregular xylem8 (irx8) mutant is dwarfed and has a significant reduction in secondary cell wall thickness. IRX8 belongs to a subgroup of glycosyltransferase family 8 called the GAUT1-related gene family, whose members include GAUT1, a homogalacturonan galacturonosyltransferase, and GAUT12 (IRX8). Here, we use comparative cell wall analyses to show that the irx8 mutant contains significantly reduced levels of xylan and homogalacturonan. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the level of xylan was significantly reduced in the mutant. Structural fingerprinting of the cell wall polymers further revealed that irx8 is deficient in glucuronoxylan. To explore the biological function of IRX8, we crossed irx8 with irx1 (affecting cellulose synthase 8). The homozygous irx1 irx8 exhibited severely dwarfed phenotypes, suggesting that IRX8 is essential for cell wall integrity during cellulose deficiency. Taken together, the data presented show that IRX8 affects the level of glucuronoxylan and homogalacturonan in higher plants and that IRX8 provides an important link between the xylan polymer and the secondary cell wall matrix and directly affects secondary cell wall integrity.
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