This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: 19/10/3019    most recent tpc.107.050666v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Web of Science (14) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zhu, S.-Y. Articles by Zhang, D.-P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zhu, S.-Y. Articles by Zhang, D.-P. Agricola Articles by Zhu, S.-Y. Articles by Zhang, D.-P.

Two Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, Regulate Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis^[W]

China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, China

² Address correspondence to zhangdp{at}sohu.net.

Many biochemical approaches show functions of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) in abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction, but molecular genetic evidence linking defined CDPK genes with ABA-regulated biological functions at the whole-plant level has been lacking. Here, we report that ABA stimulated two homologous CDPKs in Arabidopsis thaliana, CPK4 and CPK11. Loss-of-function mutations of CPK4 and CPK11 resulted in pleiotropic ABA-insensitive phenotypes in seed germination, seedling growth, and stomatal movement and led to salt insensitivity in seed germination and decreased tolerance of seedlings to salt stress. Double mutants of the two CDPK genes had stronger ABA- and salt-responsive phenotypes than the single mutants. CPK4- or CPK11-overexpressing plants generally showed inverse ABA-related phenotypes relative to those of the loss-of-function mutants. Expression levels of many ABA-responsive genes were altered in the loss-of-function mutants and overexpression lines. The CPK4 and CPK11 kinases both phosphorylated two ABA-responsive transcription factors, ABF1 and ABF4, in vitro, suggesting that the two kinases may regulate ABA signaling through these transcription factors. These data provide in planta genetic evidence for the involvement of CDPK/calcium in ABA signaling at the whole-plant level and show that CPK4 and CPK11 are two important positive regulators in CDPK/calcium-mediated ABA signaling pathways.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. M. Assmann Hope for Humpty Dumpty: Systems Biology of Cellular Signaling Plant Physiology, February 1, 2010; 152(2): 470 - 479. [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Jammes, C. Song, D. Shin, S. Munemasa, K. Takeda, D. Gu, D. Cho, S. Lee, R. Giordo, S. Sritubtim, et al. MAP kinases MPK9 and MPK12 are preferentially expressed in guard cells and positively regulate ROS-mediated ABA signaling PNAS, December 1, 2009; 106(48): 20520 - 20525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.-C. Fan, C.-C. Peng, Y.-H. Xu, X.-F. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Shang, S.-Y. Du, R. Zhao, X.-Y. Zhang, L.-Y. Zhang, et al. Apple Sucrose Transporter SUT1 and Sorbitol Transporter SOT6 Interact with Cytochrome b5 to Regulate Their Affinity for Substrate Sugars Plant Physiology, August 1, 2009; 150(4): 1880 - 1901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z.-Q. Liu, J. Gao, A.-W. Dong, and W.-H. Shen A Truncated Arabidopsis NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN 1, AtNAP1;3T, Alters Plant Growth Responses to Abscisic Acid and Salt in the Atnap1;3-2 Mutant Mol Plant, July 1, 2009; 2(4): 688 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Nakashima, Y. Fujita, N. Kanamori, T. Katagiri, T. Umezawa, S. Kidokoro, K. Maruyama, T. Yoshida, K. Ishiyama, M. Kobayashi, et al. Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 Protein Kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3, Involved in ABA Signaling are Essential for the Control of Seed Development and Dormancy Plant Cell Physiol., July 1, 2009; 50(7): 1345 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. de Lorenzo, F. Merchan, P. Laporte, R. Thompson, J. Clarke, C. Sousa, and M. Crespi A Novel Plant Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinase Regulates the Response of Medicago truncatula Roots to Salt Stress PLANT CELL, February 1, 2009; 21(2): 668 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Qudeimat, A. M. C. Faltusz, G. Wheeler, D. Lang, C. Brownlee, R. Reski, and W. Frank A PIIB-type Ca2+-ATPase is essential for stress adaptation in Physcomitrella patens PNAS, December 9, 2008; 105(49): 19555 - 19560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Saito, S. Munemasa, Y. Nakamura, Y. Shimoishi, I. C. Mori, and Y. Murata Roles of RCN1, Regulatory A Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A, in Methyl Jasmonate Signaling and Signal Crosstalk between Methyl Jasmonate and Abscisic Acid Plant Cell Physiol., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 1396 - 1401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]