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Riboswitch Control of Gene Expression in Plants by Splicing and Alternative 3' End Processing of mRNAs^[W],[OA]

^a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
^b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
^c Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
^d Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
^e Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520

² Address correspondence to ronald.breaker{at}yale.edu.

The most widespread riboswitch class, found in organisms from all three domains of life, is responsive to the vitamin B₁ derivative thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP). We have established that a TPP-sensing riboswitch is present in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the thiamin biosynthetic gene THIC of all plant species examined. The THIC TPP riboswitch controls the formation of transcripts with alternative 3' UTR lengths, which affect mRNA accumulation and protein production. We demonstrate that riboswitch-mediated regulation of alternative 3' end processing is critical for TPP-dependent feedback control of THIC expression. Our data reveal a mechanism whereby metabolite-dependent alteration of RNA folding controls splicing and alternative 3' end processing of mRNAs. These findings highlight the importance of metabolite sensing by riboswitches in plants and further reveal the significance of alternative 3' end processing as a mechanism of gene control in eukaryotes.

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