First published online December 28, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.107.054262
The Plant Cell 19:4077-4090 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists
The Downy Mildew Effector Proteins ATR1 and ATR13 Promote Disease Susceptibility in Arabidopsis thaliana[W]
Kee Hoon Sohn,
Rita Lei,
Adnane Nemri and
Jonathan D.G. Jones1
Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
1 Address correspondence to jonathan.jones{at}tsl.ac.uk.
The downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica) effector proteins ATR1 and ATR13 trigger RPP1-Nd/WsB– and RPP13-Nd–dependent resistance, respectively, in Arabidopsis thaliana. To better understand the functions of these effectors during compatible and incompatible interactions of H. parasitica isolates on Arabidopsis accessions, we developed a novel delivery system using Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion via fusions of ATRs to the N terminus of the P. syringae effector protein, AvrRPS4. ATR1 and ATR13 both triggered the hypersensitive response (HR) and resistance to bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis carrying RPP1-Nd/WsB or RPP13-Nd, respectively, when delivered from P. syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000. In addition, multiple alleles of ATR1 and ATR13 confer enhanced virulence to Pst DC3000 on susceptible Arabidopsis accessions. We conclude that ATR1 and ATR13 positively contribute to pathogen virulence inside host cells. Two ATR13 alleles suppressed bacterial PAMP (for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns)-triggered callose deposition in susceptible Arabidopsis when delivered by DC3000  CEL mutants. Furthermore, expression of another allele of ATR13 in plant cells suppressed PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species production in addition to callose deposition. Intriguingly, although Wassilewskija (Ws-0) is highly susceptible to H. parasitica isolate Emco5, ATR13Emco5 when delivered by Pst DC3000 triggered localized immunity, including HR, on Ws-0. We suggest that an additional H. parasitica Emco5 effector might suppress ATR13-triggered immunity.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
R. Panstruga and P. N. Dodds
Terrific Protein Traffic: The Mystery of Effector Protein Delivery by Filamentous Plant Pathogens
Science,
May 8, 2009;
324(5928):
748 - 750.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. J. Birch, M. Armstrong, J. Bos, P. Boevink, E. M. Gilroy, R. M. Taylor, S. Wawra, L. Pritchard, L. Conti, R. Ewan, et al.
Towards understanding the virulence functions of RXLR effectors of the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans
J. Exp. Bot.,
March 1, 2009;
60(4):
1133 - 1140.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Grouffaud, P. van West, A. O. Avrova, P. R. J. Birch, and S. C. Whisson
Plasmodium falciparum and Hyaloperonospora parasitica effector translocation motifs are functional in Phytophthora infestans
Microbiology,
December 1, 2008;
154(12):
3743 - 3751.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Kunz, P. K. Dando, D. M. Grice, P. G. Mohr, P. M. Schenk, and D. M. Cahill
UV-Induced DNA Damage Promotes Resistance to the Biotrophic Pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2008;
148(2):
1021 - 1031.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Lee, I. S. Hwang, H. W. Choi, and B. K. Hwang
Involvement of the Pepper Antimicrobial Protein CaAMP1 Gene in Broad Spectrum Disease Resistance
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2008;
148(2):
1004 - 1020.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. van Esse, J. W. van't Klooster, M. D. Bolton, K. A. Yadeta, P. van Baarlen, S. Boeren, J. Vervoort, P. J.G.M. de Wit, and B. P.H.J. Thomma
The Cladosporium fulvum Virulence Protein Avr2 Inhibits Host Proteases Required for Basal Defense
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2008;
20(7):
1948 - 1963.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Rentel, L. Leonelli, D. Dahlbeck, B. Zhao, and B. J. Staskawicz
Recognition of the Hyaloperonospora parasitica effector ATR13 triggers resistance against oomycete, bacterial, and viral pathogens
PNAS,
January 22, 2008;
105(3):
1091 - 1096.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
