First published online June 8, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.107.051599
The Plant Cell 19:1838-1850 (2007)
© 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Separating the Roles of Acropetal and Basipetal Auxin Transport on Gravitropism with Mutations in Two Arabidopsis Multidrug Resistance-Like ABC Transporter Genes[W],[OA]
Daniel R. Lewisa,
Nathan D. Millerb,
Bessie L. Splitta,
Guosheng Wua and
Edgar P. Spaldinga,b,1
a Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
b Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail spalding{at}wisc.edu; fax 608-262-7509.
Two Arabidopsis thaliana ABC transporter genes linked to auxin transport by various previous results were studied in a reverse-genetic fashion. Mutations in Multidrug Resistance-Like1 (MDR1) reduced acropetal auxin transport in roots by 80% without affecting basipetal transport. Conversely, mutations in MDR4 blocked 50% of basipetal transport without affecting acropetal transport. Developmental and auxin distribution phenotypes associated with these altered auxin flows were studied with a high-resolution morphometric system and confocal microscopy, respectively. Vertically grown mdr1 roots produced positive and negative curvatures threefold greater than the wild type, possibly due to abnormal auxin distribution observed in the elongation zone. However, upon 90° reorientation, mdr1 gravitropism was inseparable from the wild type. Thus, acropetal auxin transport maintains straight growth but contributes surprisingly little to gravitropism. Conversely, vertically maintained mdr4 roots grew as straight as the wild type, but their gravitropism was enhanced. Upon reorientation, curvature in this mutant developed faster, was distributed more basally, and produced a greater total angle than the wild type. An amplified auxin asymmetry may explain the mdr4 hypertropism. Double mutant analysis indicated that the two auxin transport streams are more independent than interdependent. The hypothesis that flavanols regulate MDR-dependent auxin transport was supported by the epistatic relationship of mdr4 to the tt4 phenylpropanoid pathway mutation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
T. L. Durham Brooks, N. D. Miller, and E. P. Spalding
Plasticity of Arabidopsis Root Gravitropism throughout a Multidimensional Condition Space Quantified by Automated Image Analysis
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2010;
152(1):
206 - 216.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Petrasek and J. Friml
Auxin transport routes in plant development
Development,
August 15, 2009;
136(16):
2675 - 2688.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Chen, S. Noir, M. Kwaaitaal, H. A. Hartmann, M.-J. Wu, Y. Mudgil, P. Sukumar, G. Muday, R. Panstruga, and A. M. Jones
Two Seven-Transmembrane Domain MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O Proteins Cofunction in Arabidopsis Root Thigmomorphogenesis
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2009;
21(7):
1972 - 1991.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Peer, F. N. Hosein, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. N. Makam, M. S. Otegui, G.-J. Lee, J. J. Blakeslee, Y. Cheng, B. Titapiwatanakun, B. Yakubov, et al.
Mutation of the Membrane-Associated M1 Protease APM1 Results in Distinct Embryonic and Seedling Developmental Defects in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2009;
21(6):
1693 - 1721.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sukumar, K. S. Edwards, A. Rahman, A. DeLong, and G. K. Muday
PINOID Kinase Regulates Root Gravitropism through Modulation of PIN2-Dependent Basipetal Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2009;
150(2):
722 - 735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wang, I. V. Uilecan, A. H. Assadi, C. A. Kozmik, and E. P. Spalding
HYPOTrace: Image Analysis Software for Measuring Hypocotyl Growth and Shape Demonstrated on Arabidopsis Seedlings Undergoing Photomorphogenesis
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2009;
149(4):
1632 - 1637.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Buer and M. A. Djordjevic
Architectural phenotypes in the transparent testa mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Exp. Bot.,
March 1, 2009;
60(3):
751 - 763.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Titapiwatanakun and A. S. Murphy
Post-transcriptional regulation of auxin transport proteins: cellular trafficking, protein phosphorylation, protein maturation, ubiquitination, and membrane composition
J. Exp. Bot.,
March 1, 2009;
60(4):
1093 - 1107.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Santelia, S. Henrichs, V. Vincenzetti, M. Sauer, L. Bigler, M. Klein, A. Bailly, Y. Lee, J. Friml, M. Geisler, et al.
Flavonoids Redirect PIN-mediated Polar Auxin Fluxes during Root Gravitropic Responses
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 7, 2008;
283(45):
31218 - 31226.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Owens, A. B. Alerding, K. C. Crosby, A. B. Bandara, J. H. Westwood, and B. S.J. Winkel
Functional Analysis of a Predicted Flavonol Synthase Gene Family in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 2008;
147(3):
1046 - 1061.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cho, S. H. Lee, and H.-T. Cho
P-Glycoprotein4 Displays Auxin Efflux Transporter-Like Action in Arabidopsis Root Hair Cells and Tobacco Cells
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2007;
19(12):
3930 - 3943.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Buer, G. K. Muday, and M. A. Djordjevic
Flavonoids Are Differentially Taken Up and Transported Long Distances in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2007;
145(2):
478 - 490.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Wu, D. R. Lewis, and E. P. Spalding
Mutations in Arabidopsis Multidrug Resistance-Like ABC Transporters Separate the Roles of Acropetal and Basipetal Auxin Transport in Lateral Root Development
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2007;
19(6):
1826 - 1837.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
