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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 2, Issue 10 1009-1017, Copyright © 1990 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Nodulin Gene Expression and ENOD2 Localization in Effective, Nitrogen-Fixing and Ineffective, Bacteria-Free Nodules of Alfalfa
C. Van de Wiel, J. H. Norris, B. Bochenek, R. Dickstein, T. Bisseling and A. M. Hirsch
Department of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Alfalfa plants form bacteria-free nodules in response to a number of
agents, including Rhizobium meliloti exo mutants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens
transconjugants carrying cloned R. meliloti nodulation genes, and compounds
that function as auxin transport inhibitors, N-( 1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid
or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. These bacteria-free nodules contain
transcripts for the nodulins Nms30 and MsENOD2; transcripts for late
nodulins like leghemoglobin are not detected. In situ hybridization studies
demonstrated that ENOD2 transcripts were localized in parenchyma cells at
the base and along the periphery of nitrogen-fixing alfalfa root nodules.
The ENOD2 gene was also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in nodules
elicited by N-( 1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid.
In bacteria-free nodules induced by R. meliloti exo mutants and A.
tumefaciens transconjugants carrying either one or both R. meliloti
symbiotic plasmids, ENOD2 transcripts were also detected but were usually
localized to parenchyma cells at the base instead of along the periphery of
the nodule. On the basis of the pattern of ENOD2 gene expression, we
conclude that the developmental pathway of bacteria-free nodules, whether
bacterially or chemically induced, is the same as that of nitrogen-fixing
nodules, and, furthermore, that the auxin transport inhibitors in their
action mimic some factor(s) that trigger nodule development.
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