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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 2, Issue 4 279-289, Copyright © 1990 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in trans
C. Napoli, C. Lemieux and R. Jorgensen
DNA Plant Technology Corporation, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland, California 94608
We attempted to overexpress chalcone synthase (CHS) in pigmented petunia
petals by introducing a chimeric petunia CHS gene. Unexpectedly, the
introduced gene created a block in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Forty-two
percent of plants with the introduced CHS gene produced totally white
flowers and/or patterned flowers with white or pale nonclonal sectors on a
wild-type pigmented background; none of hundreds of transgenic control
plants exhibited such phenotypes. Progeny testing of one plant demonstrated
that the novel color phenotype co-segregated with the introduced CHS gene;
progeny without this gene were phenotypically wild type. The somatic and
germinal stability of the novel color patterns was variable. RNase
protection analysis of petal RNAs isolated from white flowers showed that,
although the developmental timing of mRNA expression of the endogenous CHS
gene was not altered, the level of the mRNA produced by this gene was
reduced 50-fold from wild-type levels. Somatic reversion of plants with
white flowers to phenotypically parental violet flowers was associated with
a coordinate rise in the steady-state levels of the mRNAs produced by both
the endogenous and the introduced CHS genes. Thus, in the altered white
flowers, the expression of both genes was coordinately suppressed,
indicating that expression of the introduced CHS gene was not alone
sufficient for suppression of endogenous CHS transcript levels. The
mechanism responsible for the reversible co-suppression of homologous genes
in trans is unclear, but the erratic and reversible nature of this
phenomenon suggests the possible involvement of methylation.
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