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First published online February 13, 2009; 10.1105/tpc.108.062513

The Plant Cell 21:507-525 (2009)
© 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists

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A Novel Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase Is Required for Pollen Development and Sporopollenin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis[C],[W]

Clarice de Azevedo Souzaa,1, Sung Soo Kima, Stefanie Kochb, Lucie Kienowb, Katja Schneiderb,2, Sarah M. McKima, George W. Haughna, Erich Kombrinkb and Carl J. Douglasa,3

a Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
b Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant–Microbe Interactions, 50829 Köln, Germany

3 Address correspondence to cdouglas{at}interchange.ubc.ca.

Acyl-CoA Synthetase (ACOS) genes are related to 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) but have distinct functions. The Arabidopsis thaliana ACOS5 protein is in clade A of Arabidopsis ACOS proteins, the clade most closely related to 4CL proteins. This clade contains putative nonperoxisomal ACOS enzymes conserved in several angiosperm lineages and in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Although its function is unknown, ACOS5 is preferentially expressed in the flowers of all angiosperms examined. Here, we show that an acos5 mutant produced no pollen in mature anthers and no seeds by self-fertilization and was severely compromised in pollen wall formation apparently lacking sporopollenin or exine. The phenotype was first evident at stage 8 of anther development and correlated with maximum ACOS5 mRNA accumulation in tapetal cells at stages 7 to 8. Green fluorescent protein–ACOS5 fusions showed that ACOS5 is located in the cytoplasm. Recombinant ACOS5 enzyme was active against oleic acid, allowing kinetic constants for ACOS5 substrates to be established. Substrate competition assays indicated broad in vitro preference of the enzyme for medium-chain fatty acids. We propose that ACOS5 encodes an enzyme that participates in a conserved and ancient biochemical pathway required for sporopollenin monomer biosynthesis that may also include the Arabidopsis CYP703A2 and MS2 enzymes.




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A. A. Dobritsa, J. Shrestha, M. Morant, F. Pinot, M. Matsuno, R. Swanson, B. L. Moller, and D. Preuss
CYP704B1 Is a Long-Chain Fatty Acid {omega}-Hydroxylase Essential for Sporopollenin Synthesis in Pollen of Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, October 1, 2009; 151(2): 574 - 589.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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