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First published online July 21, 2009; 10.1105/tpc.109.066811

The Plant Cell 21:2179-2189 (2009)
© 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists

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Downy Mildew Resistance in Arabidopsis by Mutation of HOMOSERINE KINASE[W]

Mireille van Dammea,1, Tieme Zeilmakera, Joyce Elbersea, Annemiek Andela, Monique de Sain-van der Veldenb and Guido van den Ackervekena,2

a Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
b Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

2 Address correspondence to g.vandenackerveken{at}uu.nl.

Plant disease resistance is commonly triggered by early pathogen recognition and activation of immunity. An alternative form of resistance is mediated by recessive downy mildew resistant 1 (dmr1) alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Map-based cloning revealed that DMR1 encodes homoserine kinase (HSK). Six independent dmr1 mutants each carry a different amino acid substitution in the HSK protein. Amino acid analysis revealed that dmr1 mutants contain high levels of homoserine that is undetectable in wild-type plants. Surprisingly, the level of amino acids downstream in the aspartate (Asp) pathway was not reduced in dmr1 mutants. Exogenous homoserine does not directly affect pathogen growth but induces resistance when infiltrated in Arabidopsis. We provide evidence that homoserine accumulation in the chloroplast triggers a novel form of downy mildew resistance that is independent of known immune responses.






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