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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 3, Issue 11 1187-1193, Copyright © 1991 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Control of Ethylene Synthesis by Expression of a Bacterial Enzyme in Transgenic Tomato Plants
H. J. Klee, M. B. Hayford, K. A. Kretzmer, G. F. Barry and G. M. Kishore
Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
Synthesis of the phytohormone ethylene is believed to be essential for many
plant developmental processes. The control of ripening in climacteric
fruits and vegetables is among the best characterized of these processes.
One approach to reduce ethylene synthesis in plants is metabolism of its
immediate precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Soil
bacteria containing an enzyme, ACC deaminase, were identified by their
ability to grow on ACC as a sole nitrogen source. The gene encoding ACC
deaminase was cloned and introduced into tomato plants. Reduction in
ethylene synthesis in transgenic plants did not cause any apparent
vegetative phenotypic abnormalities. However, fruits from these plants
exhibited significant delays in ripening, and the mature fruits remained
firm for at least 6 weeks longer than the nontransgenic control fruit.
These results indicated that ACC deaminase is useful for examining the role
of ethylene in many developmental and stress-related processes in plants as
well as for extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables whose
ripening is mediated by ethylene.
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