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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 3, Issue 3 225-245, Copyright © 1991 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Differential Expression of Maize Pyruvate, Orthophosphate Dikinase Genes
J. Sheen
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
I describe here the organization of maize C4 chloroplast and non-C4
cytosolic pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) genes and the molecular
mechanisms underlying their differential expression. The maize C4
chloroplast PPDK gene (C4ppdkZm1) appears to have been created by the
addition of an exon encoding the chloroplast transit peptide at a site
upstream of a cytosolic PPDK gene (cyppdkZm1). A splice acceptor sequence
located in the first exon of cyppdkZm1 allows the fusion of the transit
peptide to the cyppdkZm1 sequences. A second cyPPDK gene (cyppdkZm2) shares
extensive homology with cyppdkZm1 in the coding region and in the 5[prime]
flanking region up to the TATA box. By a novel protoplast transient
expression method, I show that the light-inducible expression of C4ppdkZm1
is controlled by two expression programs mediated through separate upstream
regulatory elements that are active in leaf, but inactive in root and stem.
Light-mediated C4ppdkZm1 expression in maize is apparently uncoupled from
leaf development and partially associated with chloroplast development. For
cyppdkZm1 expression, distinct upstream elements and a specific TATA
promoter element, located in the first intron of C4ppdkZm1, are required.
The low expression of cyppdkZm2 can be attributed to an absence of upstream
positive elements and weak activity of the TATA promoter element.
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