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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 3, Issue 9 935-951, Copyright © 1991 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Isolation and Characterization of 51 embryo-specific Mutations of Maize
J. K. Clark and W. F. Sheridan
Biology Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
A plant embryo consists of an embryonic axis, which eventually grows into
the adult body, and one or two nutritive structures, the cotyledons. In the
grasses embryo morphogenesis can be divided into three periods: during the
first the embryo is regionalized into an embryo proper and suspensor,
during the second the embryonic axis is established, and during the third
vegetative structures are elaborated. Maize, with its well-characterized
embryo-genesis, powerful genetics, and transposon tagging stocks, offers an
attractive system for mutational analysis of these events. We have isolated
51 embryo-specific (emb) mutations from active Robertson's Mutator maize
stocks. These are single-gene recessive lethals that represent at least 45
independent mutation events. Each of the 25 mutations was located to a
chromosome arm using a B-A translocation set that uncovers approximately
40% of the genome; the same test failed to locate 20 others. The embryo
phenotype of 27 mutations was characterized by examining mature mutant
embryos in fresh dissection: the various emb mutations differ in phenotype
and each is consistent in its expression. All 27 mutations result in
retarded embryos that are morphologically abnormal. Nine mutants are
blocked during the first period; 10 mutants are blocked during the second
period; and eight mutants are blocked during the third period. Based on
both the genetic and developmental data, it is likely that there are many
loci that can mutate to give the emb phenotype and that these genes are
crucial to the morphogenesis of the embryo.
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