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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 4, Issue 1 87-98, Copyright © 1992 by American Society of Plant Biologists
DNA Binding Activity of the Arabidopsis G-Box Binding Factor GBF1 Is Stimulated by Phosphorylation by Casein Kinase II from Broccoli
L. J. Klimczak, U. Schindler and A. R. Cashmore
Plant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6018
To study the phosphorylation of one of the G-box binding factors from
Arabidopsis (GBF1), we have obtained large amounts of this protein by
expression in Escherichia coli. Bacterial GBF1 was shown to be
phosphorylated very efficiently by nuclear extracts from broccoli. The
phosphorylating activity was partially purified by chromatography on
heparin-Sepharose and DEAE-cellulose and was characterized. It showed the
essential features of casein kinase II activity: utilization of GTP in
addition to ATP as a phosphate donor, strong inhibition by heparin,
preference for acidic protein substrates, salt-induced binding to
phosphocellulose, and salt-dependent deaggregation. The very low Km value
for GBF1 (220 nM compared to ~10 [mu]M for casein) was in the range
observed for identified physiological substrates of casein kinase II.
Phosphorylation of GBF1 resulted in stimulation of the G-box binding
activity and formation of a slower migrating protein-DNA complex. The
conditions of this stimulatory reaction fully corresponded to the
properties of casein kinase II, in particular its dependence on the known
phosphate donors. The DNA binding activity of the endogenous plant GBF was
shown to be reduced by treatment with calf alkaline phosphatase; this
reduction was diminished by addition of fluoride and phosphate or
incubation in the presence of casein kinase II and ATP.
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