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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 4, Issue 5 525-537, Copyright © 1992 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Leucine Zipper Proteins and Nuclear Factors from Parsley Recognize Diverse Promoter Elements with ACGT Cores
G. A. Armstrong, B. Weisshaar and K. Hahlbrock
Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung, Abteilung Biochemie, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, D-5000 Koln 30, Germany
Four short nucleotide sequences (boxes I to IV) contribute to the light
responsiveness of the parsley chalcone synthase promoter. The
sequence-related boxes II and III resemble several plant, viral, and
bacterial promoter elements that share ACGT core sequences and are
associated with diversely regulated genes. We have analyzed the binding
characteristics and protein-protein interactions of factors from nuclear
extracts and of three putative leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors
potentially involved in the regulation of this promoter. These common plant
regulatory factors (CPRFs) bind specifically to boxes II and III as well as
other ACGT-containing promoter elements (hex1, Em1a, and as-1), though with
markedly different affinities. Intact bZIP domains are crucial for CPRF
binding to DNA. Distinct ensembles of nuclear factors bind to boxes II and
III, despite their sequence similarity. The parsley CPRFs bind to DNA as
dimers, selectively form heterodimeric DNA binding complexes, and interact
with nuclear proteins.
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