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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 4, Issue 7 785-798, Copyright © 1992 by American Society of Plant Biologists
A Novel Light-Regulated Promoter Is Conserved in Cereal and Dicot Chloroplasts
D. A. Christopher, M. Kim and J. E. Mullet
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
The chloroplast psbD-psbC genes encode D2 and cp43, a reaction center
protein and chlorophyll-binding antenna protein of photosystem II,
respectively. We have previously shown that differential accumulation of
light-induced psbD-psbC mRNAs in barley chloroplasts is due to
transcription from a blue light-responsive promoter (LRP). It is
hypothesized that the light-induced mRNAs help to maintain levels of the D2
polypeptide, which is photodamaged and degraded in illuminated plants. To
determine if light-induced accumulation of psbD-psbC mRNAs was a conserved
phenomenon in chloroplasts, the expression of psbD-psbC operons from five
cereals (barley, wheat, rice, maize, and sorghum) and three dicot (tobacco,
spinach, and pea) species was examined. Cereal and dicot psbD-psbC operons
differ due to several DNA rearrangements that moved psbK-psbl proximal to
psbD-psbC, allowing cotranscription of these genes and production of
several unique transcripts in cereals. Despite differences in the structure
and expression of the cereal and dicot psbD-psbC operons, the accumulation
of light-induced psbD-psbC mRNAs was conserved in all species studied. An
unusual feature of the light-induced mRNAs was the occurrence of 5[prime]
end microheterogeneity. The multiple 5[prime] termini were mapped to
several consecutive nucleotides (8 to 25 bp) within a highly conserved
(61%) DNA region that represents the transcription initiation site for the
mRNAs in barley and tobacco. The novel LRP differs in sequence from typical
plastid promoters that have prokaryotic "-10" and "-35" elements and is
centered 570 bp (cereals), 900 bp (tobacco, spinach), or 1100 bp (pea)
upstream from the psbD translational start codon. We propose that
physiological and gene regulatory demands of the chloroplast act as
constraints that preserved the linkage of the LRP with psbD despite DNA
inversions involving the psbD upstream region.
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