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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 5, Issue 12 1795-1805, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Maize Anthocyanin Regulatory Gene pl Is a Duplicate of c1 That Functions in the Plant
K. C. Cone, S. M. Cocciolone, F. A. Burr and B. Burr
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
Genetic studies in maize have identified several regulatory genes that
control the tissue-specific synthesis of purple anthocyanin pigments in the
plant. c1 regulates pigmentation in the aleurone layer of the kernel,
whereas pigmentation in the vegetative and floral tissues of the plant body
depends on pl. c1 encodes a protein with the structural features of
eukaryotic transcription factors and functions to control the accumulation
of transcripts for the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Previous genetic and
molecular observations have prompted the hypothesis that c1 and pl are
functionally duplicate, in that they control the same set of anthocyanin
structural genes but in distinct parts of the plant. Here, we show that
this proposed functional similarity is reflected by DNA sequence homology
between c1 and pl. Using a c1 DNA fragment as a hybridization probe,
genomic and cDNA clones for pl were isolated. Comparison of pl and c1 cDNA
sequences revealed that the genes encode proteins with 90% or more amino
acid identity in the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains that are known to
be important for the regulatory function of the C1 protein. Consistent with
the idea that the pl gene product also acts as a transcriptional activator
is our finding that a functional pl allele is required for the
transcription of at least three structural genes in the anthocyanin
biosynthetic pathway.
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