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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 5, Issue 2 191-202, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Effects of Host Plant Development and Genetic Determinants on the Long-Distance Movement of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus in Arabidopsis
S. M. Leisner, R. Turgeon and S. H. Howell
Boyce Thompson Institute, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853
During systemic infections, viruses move long distances through the plant
vascular system. The long-distance movement of cauliflower mosaic virus
(CaMV) in Arabidopsis has been examined using a whole plant in situ
hybridization technique called plant skeleton hybridization. CaMV moves
long distance through the phloem largely following the flow of
photoassimilates from source to sink leaves. During the course of plant
development, sink-source relationships change and the region of the plant
that CaMV can invade is progressively reduced. In Arabidopsis, we have
found that conditions that influence the rate of plant development
dramatically impact the long-distance movement of CaMV, because under
normal conditions the rate of plant development is closely matched to the
kinetics of virus movement. Ecotypes and mutants of Arabidopsis that flower
early show a form of resistance to systemic CaMV infection, which we call
"developmental resistance." Developmental resistance results from the fact
that the rosette leaves mature early in the life of an early flowering
plant and become inaccessible to virus. On the other hand, if the
development of early flowering plants is retarded by suboptimal growth
conditions, inoculated plants appear more susceptible to the virus and
systemic infections become more widespread. We have found that other
Arabidopsis ecotypes, such as Enkheim-2 (En-2), show another form of
resistance to virus movement that is not based on developmental or growth
conditions. The virus resistance in ecotype En-2 is largely conditioned by
a dominant trait at a single locus.
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