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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 5, Issue 4 403-418, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Ovary and Gametophyte Development Are Coordinately Regulated by Auxin and Ethylene following Pollination
X. S. Zhang and S. D. O'Neill
Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Botany, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
The differentiation and development of ovules in orchid flowers are
pollination dependent. To define the developmental signals and timing of
critical events associated with ovule differentiation, we have examined
factors that regulate the initial events in megasporogenesis and female
gametophyte development and characterized its progression toward maturity
and fertilization. Two days after pollination, ovary wall epidermal cells
begin to elongate and form hair cells; this is the earliest visible
morphological change, and it occurs at least 3 days prior to pollen
germination, indicating that signals associated with pollination itself
trigger these early events. The effects of inhibitors of ethylene
biosynthesis on early morphological changes indicated that ethylene, in the
presence of auxin, is required to initiate ovary development and,
indirectly, subsequent ovule differentiation. Surprisingly, pollen
germination and growth were also strongly inhibited by inhibitors of
ethylene biosynthesis, indicating that male gametophyte development is also
regulated by ethylene. Detailed characterization of the development of both
the female and male gametophyte in pollinated orchid flowers indicated that
pollen tubes entered the ovary and grew along the ovary wall for 10 to 35
days, at which time growth was arrested. Approximately 40 days after
pollination, coincident with ovule differentiation as indicated by the
presence of a single archesporial cell, the direction of pollen tube growth
became redirected toward the ovule, suggesting a chemical signaling between
the developing ovule and male gametophyte. Taken together, these results
indicate that both auxin and ethylene contribute to the regulation of both
ovary and ovule development and to the coordination of development of male
and female gametophytes.
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