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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 5, Issue 6 693-700, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
cAMP Regulates Infection Structure Formation in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe grisea
Y. H. Lee and R. A. Dean
Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, is one of the most
destructive fungal pathogens of rice throughout the world. Infection of
rice by M. grisea requires the formation of an appressorium, a darkly
pigmented, dome-shaped structure. The germ tube tip differentiates into an
appressorium following germination of conidia on a leaf surface. When
conidia germinate on growth medium or other noninductive surfaces, the
emerging germ tube does not differentiate and continues to grow
vegetatively. Little is known about the endogenous or exogenous signals
controlling the developmental process of infection structure formation. We
show here that a hydrophobic surface was sufficient for the induction of
the appressorium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the addition of cAMP,
its analogs (8-bromo cAMP and N6-monobutyryl cAMP), or
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase) to
germinating conidia or to vegetative hyphae induced appressorium formation
on noninductive surfaces. The identification of cAMP as a mediator of
infection structure formation provides a clue to the regulation of this
developmental process. Elucidation of the mechanism involved is not only of
biological interest but may also provide the basis for new disease control
strategies.
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