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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 10 1415-1426, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Rhizobium Nod Factors Reactivate the Cell Cycle during Infection and Nodule Primordium Formation, but the Cycle Is Only Completed in Primordium Formation
W. C. Yang, C. de Blank, I. Meskiene, H. Hirt, J. Bakker, A. van Kammen, H. Franssen and T. Bisseling
Department of Molecular Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Rhizobia induce the formation of root nodules on the roots of leguminous
plants. In temperate legumes, nodule organogenesis starts with the
induction of cell divisions in regions of the root inner cortex opposite
protoxylem poles, resulting in the formation of nodule primordia. It has
been postulated that the susceptibility of these inner cortical cells to
Rhizobium nodulation (Nod) factors is conferred by an arrest at a specific
stage of the cell cycle. Concomitantly with the formation of nodule
primordia, cytoplasmic rearrangement occurs in the outer cortex. Radially
aligned cytoplasmic strands form bridges, and these have been called
preinfection threads. It has been proposed that the cytoplasmic bridges are
related to phragmosomes. By studying the in situ expression of the cell
cycle genes cyc2, H4, and cdc2 in pea and alfalfa root cortical cells after
inoculation with Rhizobium or purified Nod factors, we show that the
susceptibility of inner cortical cells to Rhizobium is not conferred by an
arrest at the G2 phase and that the majority of the dividing cells are
arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the outer cortical cells forming
a preinfection thread enter the cell cycle although they do not divide.
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