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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 12 1713-1729, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis Are Uncoupled in Arabidopsis raspberry Embryos
R. Yadegari, GRd. Paiva, T. Laux, A. M. Koltunow, N. Apuya, J. L. Zimmerman, R. L. Fischer, J. J. Harada and R. B. Goldberg
Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1606
We identified two Arabidopsis embryo mutants, designated as raspberry1 and
raspberry2, by screening T-DNA-mutagenized Arabidopsis lines. Embryogenesis
in these mutants is indistinguishable from that of wild-type plants until
the late-globular stage, after which raspberry1 and raspberry2 embryos fail
to undergo the transition to heart stage, remain globular shaped, and
proliferate an enlarged suspensor region. raspberry1 and raspberry2
embryo-proper regions enlarge during embryogenesis, become highly
vacuolate, and display prominent convex, or "raspberry-like" protuberances
on their outer cell layers. In situ hybridization studies with several
embryo cell-specific mRNA probes indicated that the raspberry1 and
raspberry2 embryo-proper regions differentiate tissue layers in their
correct spatial contexts and that the regulation of cell-specific genes
within these layers is normal. Surprisingly, a similar spatial and temporal
pattern of mRNA accumulation occurs within the enlarged suspensor region of
raspberry1 and raspberry2 embryos, suggesting that a defect in
embryo-proper morphogenesis can cause the suspensor to take on an
embryo-proper-like state and differentiate a radial tissue-type axis. We
conclude that cell differentiation can occur in the absence of both organ
formation and morphogenesis during plant embryogenesis and that
interactions occur between the embryo-proper and suspensor regions.
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