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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 12 1815-1828, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Pollen Tube Growth Is Coupled to the Extracellular Calcium Ion Flux and the Intracellular Calcium Gradient: Effect of BAPTA-Type Buffers and Hypertonic Media
E. S. Pierson, D. D. Miller, D. A. Callaham, A. M. Shipley, B. A. Rivers, M. Cresti and P. K. Hepler
Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center III, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
Lily pollen tubes possess a steep, tip-focused intracellular Ca2+ gradient
and a tip-directed extracellular Ca2+ influx. Ratiometric ion imaging
revealed that the gradient extends from above 3.0 [mu]M at the apex to ~0.2
[mu]M within 20 [mu]m from the tip, while application of the Ca2+-specific
vibrating electrode indicated that the extracellular influx measured
between 1.4 and 14 pmol cm-2 sec-1. We examined the relationship between
these phenomena and their role in tube growth by using different
1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N[prime],N[prime]-tetraacetic acid
(BAPTA)-type buffers and hypertonic media. Injection of active BAPTA-type
buffers or application of elevated levels of sucrose reversibly inhibited
growth, destroyed tip zonation of organelles, and modified normal patterns
of cytoplasmic streaming. Simultaneously, these treatments dissipated both
the intracellular tip-focused gradient and the extracellular Ca2+ flux. Of
the BAPTA-type buffers, 5,5[prime]-dibromo-BAPTA (dissociation constant
[Kd] is 1.5 [mu]M) and 4,4[prime]-difluoro-BAPTA (Kd of 1.7 [mu]M)
exhibited greater activity than those buffers with either a higher affinity
(5,5[prime]-dimethyl-BAPTA, Kd of 0.15 [mu]M; BAPTA, Kd of 0.21 [mu]M;
5,5[prime]- difluoro-BAPTA, Kd of 0.25 [mu]M) or lower affinity (5-methyl,
5[prime]-nitro-BAPTA, Kd of 22 [mu]M) for Ca2+. Our findings provide
evidence that growing pollen tubes have open Ca2+ channels in their tip and
that these channels become inactivated in nongrowing tubes. The studies
with elevated sucrose support the view that stretching of the apical plasma
membrane contributes to the maintenance of the Ca2+ signal.
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