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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 12 1859-1876, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
A knotted1-like Homeobox Gene in Arabidopsis Is Expressed in the Vegetative Meristem and Dramatically Alters Leaf Morphology When Overexpressed in Transgenic Plants
C. Lincoln, J. Long, J. Yamaguchi, K. Serikawa and S. Hake
Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
The homeobox gene knotted1 (kn1) was first isolated by transposon tagging a
dominant leaf mutant in maize. Related maize genes, isolated by virtue of
sequence conservation within the homeobox, fall into two classes based on
sequence similarity and expression patterns. Here, we report the
characterization of two genes, KNAT1 and KNAT2 (for knotted-like from
Arabidopsis thaliana) that were cloned from Arabidopsis using the kn1
homeobox as a heterologous probe. The homeodomains of KNAT1 and KNAT2 are
very similar to the homeodomains of proteins encoded by class 1 maize
genes, ranging from 78 to 95% amino acid identity. Overall, the deduced
KNAT1 and KNAT2 proteins share amino acid identities of 53 and 40%,
respectively, with the KN1 protein. Intron positions are also fairly well
conserved among KNAT1, KNAT2, and kn1. Based on in situ hybridization
analysis, the expression pattern of KNAT1 during vegetative development is
similar to that of class 1 maize genes. In the shoot apex, KNAT1 transcript
is localized primarily to the shoot apical meristem; down-regulation of
expression occurs as leaf primordia are initiated. In contrast to the
expression of class 1 maize genes in floral and inflorescence meristems,
the expression of KNAT1 in the shoot meristem decreases during the floral
transition and is restricted to the cortex of the inflorescence stem.
Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying the KNAT1 cDNA and the kn1 cDNA
fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were generated.
Misexpression of KNAT1 and kn1 resulted in highly abnormal leaf morphology
that included severely lobed leaves. The expression pattern of KNAT1 in the
shoot meristem combined with the results of transgenic overexpression
experiments supports the hypothesis that class 1 kn1-like genes play a role
in morphogenesis.
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