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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 12 1859-1876, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
A knotted1-like Homeobox Gene in Arabidopsis Is Expressed in the Vegetative Meristem and Dramatically Alters Leaf Morphology When Overexpressed in Transgenic Plants
C. Lincoln, J. Long, J. Yamaguchi, K. Serikawa and S. Hake
Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
The homeobox gene knotted1 (kn1) was first isolated by transposon tagging a
dominant leaf mutant in maize. Related maize genes, isolated by virtue of
sequence conservation within the homeobox, fall into two classes based on
sequence similarity and expression patterns. Here, we report the
characterization of two genes, KNAT1 and KNAT2 (for knotted-like from
Arabidopsis thaliana) that were cloned from Arabidopsis using the kn1
homeobox as a heterologous probe. The homeodomains of KNAT1 and KNAT2 are
very similar to the homeodomains of proteins encoded by class 1 maize
genes, ranging from 78 to 95% amino acid identity. Overall, the deduced
KNAT1 and KNAT2 proteins share amino acid identities of 53 and 40%,
respectively, with the KN1 protein. Intron positions are also fairly well
conserved among KNAT1, KNAT2, and kn1. Based on in situ hybridization
analysis, the expression pattern of KNAT1 during vegetative development is
similar to that of class 1 maize genes. In the shoot apex, KNAT1 transcript
is localized primarily to the shoot apical meristem; down-regulation of
expression occurs as leaf primordia are initiated. In contrast to the
expression of class 1 maize genes in floral and inflorescence meristems,
the expression of KNAT1 in the shoot meristem decreases during the floral
transition and is restricted to the cortex of the inflorescence stem.
Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying the KNAT1 cDNA and the kn1 cDNA
fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were generated.
Misexpression of KNAT1 and kn1 resulted in highly abnormal leaf morphology
that included severely lobed leaves. The expression pattern of KNAT1 in the
shoot meristem combined with the results of transgenic overexpression
experiments supports the hypothesis that class 1 kn1-like genes play a role
in morphogenesis.
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A. Hay, D. Jackson, N. Ori, and S. Hake
Analysis of the Competence to Respond to KNOTTED1 Activity in Arabidopsis Leaves Using a Steroid Induction System
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2003;
131(4):
1671 - 1680.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. A. Long, S. Woody, S. Poethig, E. M. Meyerowitz, and M. K. Barton
Transformation of shoots into roots in Arabidopsis embryos mutant at the TOPLESS locus
Development,
March 8, 2003;
129(12):
2797 - 2806.
[Abstract]
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M. E. Byrne, J. Simorowski, and R. A. Martienssen
ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 reveals knox gene redundancy in Arabidopsis
Development,
March 6, 2003;
129(8):
1957 - 1965.
[Abstract]
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M. F. Tioni, D. H. Gonzalez, and R. L. Chan
Knotted1-like genes are strongly expressed in differentiated cell types in sunflower
J. Exp. Bot.,
February 1, 2003;
54(383):
681 - 690.
[Abstract]
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J. L. Micol and S. Hake
The Development of Plant Leaves
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 2003;
131(2):
389 - 394.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. M. Ha, G.-T. Kim, B. C. Kim, J. H. Jun, M. S. Soh, Y. Ueno, Y. Machida, H. Tsukaya, and H. G. Nam
The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 gene controls leaf pattern formation through the modulation of meristematic activity in Arabidopsis
Development,
January 1, 2003;
130(1):
161 - 172.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. F. Martinez-Garcia, A. Virgos-Soler, and S. Prat
Control of photoperiod-regulated tuberization in potato by the Arabidopsis flowering-time gene CONSTANS
PNAS,
November 12, 2002;
99(23):
15211 - 15216.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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H. Markel, J. Chandler, and W. Werr
Translational fusions with the engrailed repressor domain efficiently convert plant transcription factors into dominant-negative functions
Nucleic Acids Res.,
November 1, 2002;
30(21):
4709 - 4719.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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N. Brunel, N. Leduc, P. Poupard, P. Simoneau, J.-C. Mauget, and J.-D. Viemont
KNAP2, a class I KN1-like gene is a negative marker of bud growth potential in apple trees (Malus domestica [L.] Borkh.)
J. Exp. Bot.,
November 1, 2002;
53(378):
2143 - 2149.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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I. Blilou, F. Frugier, S. Folmer, O. Serralbo, V. Willemsen, H. Wolkenfelt, N. B. Eloy, P. C.G. Ferreira, P. Weisbeek, and B. Scheres
The Arabidopsis HOBBIT gene encodes a CDC27 homolog that links the plant cell cycle to progression of cell differentiation
Genes & Dev.,
October 1, 2002;
16(19):
2566 - 2575.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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O. Hamant, F. Nogue, E. Belles-Boix, D. Jublot, O. Grandjean, J. Traas, and V. Pautot
The KNAT2 Homeodomain Protein Interacts with Ethylene and Cytokinin Signaling
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2002;
130(2):
657 - 665.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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D. Jackson
Double Labeling of KNOTTED1 mRNA and Protein Reveals Multiple Potential Sites of Protein Trafficking in the Shoot Apex
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2002;
129(4):
1423 - 1429.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. Bharathan, T. E. Goliber, C. Moore, S. Kessler, T. Pham, and N. R. Sinha
Homologies in Leaf Form Inferred from KNOXI Gene Expression During Development
Science,
June 7, 2002;
296(5574):
1858 - 1860.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. GRANIER, C. MASSONNET, O. TURC, B. MULLER, K. CHENU, and F. TARDIEU
Individual Leaf Development in Arabidopsis thaliana: a Stable Thermal-time-based Programme
Ann. Bot.,
May 1, 2002;
89(5):
595 - 604.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. P. Venglat, T. Dumonceaux, K. Rozwadowski, L. Parnell, V. Babic, W. Keller, R. Martienssen, G. Selvaraj, and R. Datla
The homeobox gene BREVIPEDICELLUS is a key regulator of inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis
PNAS,
March 21, 2002;
(2002)
72626099.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. J. Douglas, G. Chuck, R. E. Dengler, L. Pelecanda, and C. D. Riggs
KNAT1 and ERECTA Regulate Inflorescence Architecture in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2002;
14(3):
547 - 558.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J.-L. Gallois, C. Woodward, G. V. Reddy, and R. Sablowski
Combined SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and WUSCHEL trigger ectopic organogenesis in Arabidopsis
Development,
January 7, 2002;
129(13):
3207 - 3217.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. J. Scanlon, D. C. Henderson, and B. Bernstein
SEMAPHORE1 functions during the regulation of ancestrally duplicated knox genes and polar auxin transport in maize
Development,
January 6, 2002;
129(11):
2663 - 2673.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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Y. Sato, Y. Aoki, and M. Matsuoka
A Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Rice KNOX Type Homeobox Gene, OSH3
Plant Cell Physiol.,
January 1, 2002;
43(1):
44 - 51.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. Bharathan and N. R. Sinha
The Regulation of Compound Leaf Development
Plant Physiology,
December 1, 2001;
127(4):
1533 - 1538.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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H. Nagasaki, T. Sakamoto, Y. Sato, and M. Matsuoka
Functional Analysis of the Conserved Domains of a Rice KNOX Homeodomain Protein, OSH15
PLANT CELL,
September 1, 2001;
13(9):
2085 - 2098.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. Lu, Z. Zainal, G. A. Tucker, and G. W. Lycett
Developmental Abnormalities and Reduced Fruit Softening in Tomato Plants Expressing an Antisense Rab11 GTPase Gene
PLANT CELL,
August 1, 2001;
13(8):
1819 - 1833.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. Frugis, D. Giannino, G. Mele, C. Nicolodi, A. Chiappetta, M. B. Bitonti, A. M. Innocenti, W. Dewitte, H. Van Onckelen, and D. Mariotti
Overexpression of KNAT1 in Lettuce Shifts Leaf Determinate Growth to a Shoot-Like Indeterminate Growth Associated with an Accumulation of Isopentenyl-Type Cytokinins
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2001;
126(4):
1370 - 1380.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. Tsiantis
Control of Shoot Cell Fate: Beyond Homeoboxes
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2001;
13(4):
733 - 738.
[Full Text]
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T. Sakamoto, N. Kamiya, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, S. Iwahori, and M. Matsuoka
KNOX homeodomain protein directly suppresses the expression of a gibberellin biosynthetic gene in the tobacco shoot apical meristem
Genes & Dev.,
March 1, 2001;
15(5):
581 - 590.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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E Semiarti, Y Ueno, H Tsukaya, H Iwakawa, C Machida, and Y Machida
The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates formation of a symmetric lamina, establishment of venation and repression of meristem-related homeobox genes in leaves
Development,
January 5, 2001;
128(10):
1771 - 1783.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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S Takada, K Hibara, T Ishida, and M Tasaka
The CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 gene of Arabidopsis regulates shoot apical meristem formation
Development,
January 4, 2001;
128(7):
1127 - 1135.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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J. Lasswell, L. E. Rogg, D. C. Nelson, C. Rongey, and B. Bartel
Cloning and Characterization of IAR1, a Gene Required for Auxin Conjugate Sensitivity in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2000;
12(12):
2395 - 2408.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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Z. Liu, R. G. Franks, and V. P. Klink
Regulation of Gynoecium Marginal Tissue Formation by LEUNIG and AINTEGUMENTA
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 2000;
12(10):
1879 - 1892.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. Reinhardt, T. Mandel, and C. Kuhlemeier
Auxin Regulates the Initiation and Radial Position of Plant Lateral Organs
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2000;
12(4):
507 - 518.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. Weigel, J. H. Ahn, M. A. Blazquez, J. O. Borevitz, S. K. Christensen, C. Fankhauser, C. Ferrandiz, I. Kardailsky, E. J. Malancharuvil, M. M. Neff, et al.
Activation Tagging in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2000;
122(4):
1003 - 1014.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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M. Frank, H.-M. Rupp, E. Prinsen, V. Motyka, H. Van Onckelen, and T. Schmulling
Hormone Autotrophic Growth and Differentiation Identifies Mutant Lines of Arabidopsis with Altered Cytokinin and Auxin Content or Signaling
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2000;
122(3):
721 - 730.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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