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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 2 215-225, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Morphogenetic Rescue of Rhizobium meliloti Nodulation Mutants by trans-Zeatin Secretion
J. B. Cooper and S. R. Long
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
The development of nitrogen-fixing nodules is induced on the roots of
legume host plants by Rhizobium bacteria. We employed a novel strategy to
probe the underlying mechanism of nodule morphogenesis in alfalfa roots
using pTZS, a broad host range plasmid carrying a constitutive trans-zeatin
secretion (tzs) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T37. This plasmid
suppressed the Nod- phenotype of Rhizobium nodulation mutants such that
mutants harboring pTZS stimulated the formation of nodulelike structures.
Alfalfa roots formed more or fewer of these nodules according to both the
nitrogen content of the environment and the position along the root at
which the pTZS+ bacteria were applied, which parallels the physiological
and developmental regulation of true Rhizobium nodule formation. This
plasmid also conferred on Escherichia coli cells the ability to induce root
cortical cell mitoses. Both the pattern of induced cell divisions and the
spatially restricted expression of an alfalfa nodule-specific marker gene
(MsENOD2) in pTZS-induced nodules support the conclusion that localized
cytokinin production produces a phenocopy of nodule morphogenesis.
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