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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 5 589-600, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
fusca3: A Heterochronic Mutation Affecting Late Embryo Development in Arabidopsis
K. Keith, M. Kraml, N. G. Dengler and P. McCourt
Department of Botany, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
Molecular studies of late embryogenesis and seed development have
emphasized differential gene expression as a means of identifying discrete
stages of embryogenesis. Little has been done to identify factors that
regulate the length of a given developmental stage or the degree of overlap
between adjacent developmental programs. We designed a genetic screen to
identify mutations that disrupt late embryo development in Arabidopsis
without loss of hormonal responses. One such mutation, fusca3 (fus3),
alters late embryo functions, such as the establishment of dormancy and
desiccation tolerance, and reduces storage protein levels. fus3 cotyledons
bear trichomes, and their ultrastructure is similar to that of leaf
primordia. Immature fus3 embryos enter germinative development, and the
shoot apical meristems develop leaf primordia before seed desiccation
begins. The cotyledons resemble leaf primordia, yet retain some cotyledon
characteristics; thus, cotyledon- and leaf-specific functions are expressed
simultaneously. Together, these observations are consistent with a
heterochronic interpretation of the fus3 mutation.
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