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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 7 995-1006, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
The Geminivirus BR1 Movement Protein Binds Single-Stranded DNA and Localizes to the Cell Nucleus
E. Pascal, A. A. Sanderfoot, B. M. Ward, R. Medville, R. Turgeon and S. G. Lazarowitz
Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
Plant viruses encode movement proteins that are essential for infection of
the host but are not required for viral replication or encapsidation.
Squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV), a bipartite geminivirus with a
single-stranded DNA genome, encodes two movement proteins, BR1 and BL1,
that have been implicated in separate functions in viral movement. To
further elucidate these functions, we have investigated the nucleic acid
binding properties and cellular localization of BR1 and BL1. In this study,
we showed that BR1 binds strongly to single-stranded nucleic acids, with a
higher affinity for single-stranded DNA than RNA, and is localized to the
nucleus of SqLCV-infected plant cells. In contrast, BL1 binds only weakly
to single-stranded nucleic acids and not at all to double-stranded DNA. The
nuclear localization of BR1 and the previously demonstrated plasma membrane
localization of BL1 were also observed when these proteins were expressed
from baculovirus vectors in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. The
biochemical properties and cellular locations of BR1 and BL1 suggest a
model for SqLCV movement whereby BR1 is involved in the shuttling of the
genome in and/or out of the nucleus and BL1 acts at the plasma
membrane/cell wall to facilitate viral movement across cell boundaries.
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