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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 6, Issue 8 1049-1064, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Leafy Cotyledon Mutants of Arabidopsis
D. W. Meinke, L. H. Franzmann, T. C. Nickle and E. C. Yeung
Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
We have previously described a homeotic leafy cotyledon (lec) mutant of
Arabidopsis that exhibits striking defects in embryonic maturation and
produces viviparous embryos with cotyledons that are partially transformed
into leaves. In this study, we present further details on the developmental
anatomy of mutant embryos, characterize their response to abscisic acid
(ABA) in culture, describe other mutants with related phenotypes, and
summarize studies with double mutants. Our results indicate that immature
embryos precociously enter a germination pathway after the torpedo stage of
development and then acquire characteristics normally restricted to
vegetative parts of the plant. In contrast to other viviparous mutants of
maize (vp1) and Arabidopsis (abi3) that produce ABA-insensitive embryos,
immature lec embryos are sensitive to ABA in culture. ABA is therefore
necessary but not sufficient for embryonic maturation in Arabidopsis. Three
other mutants that produce trichomes on cotyledons following precocious
germination in culture are described. One mutant is allelic to lec1,
another is a fusca mutant (fus3), and the third defines a new locus (lec2).
Mutant embryos differ in morphology, desiccation tolerance, pattern of
anthocyanin accumulation, presence of storage materials, size and frequency
of trichomes on cotyledons, and timing of precocious germination in
culture. The leafy cotyledon phenotype has therefore allowed the
identification of an important network of regulatory genes with overlapping
functions during embryonic maturation in Arabidopsis.
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