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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 7, Issue 10 1611-1623, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Composite Structure of Auxin Response Elements
T. Ulmasov, Z. B. Liu, G. Hagen and T. J. Guilfoyle
Department of Biochemistry, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
The auxin-responsive soybean GH3 gene promoter is composed of multiple
auxin response elements (AuxREs), and each AuxRE contributes incrementally
to the strong auxin inducibility of the promoter. Two independent AuxREs of
25 bp (D1) and 32 bp (D4) contain the sequence TGTCTC. Results presented
here show that the TGTCTC element in D1 and D4 is required but not
sufficient for auxin inducibility in carrot protoplast transient expression
assays. Additional nucleotides upstream of TGTCTC are also required for
auxin inducibility. These upstream sequences showed constitutive activity
and no auxin inducibility when part or all of the TGTCTC element was
mutated or deleted. In D1, the constitutive element overlaps the 5[prime]
portion of TGTCTC; in D4, the constitutive element is separated from
TGTCTC. An 11-bp element in D1, CCTCGTGTCTC, conferred auxin inducibility
to a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco
seedlings as well as in carrot protoplasts (i.e., transient expression
assays). Both constitutive elements bound specifically to plant nuclear
proteins, and the constitutive element in D1 bound to a recombinant soybean
basic leucine zipper transcription factor with G-box specificity. To
demonstrate further the composite nature of AuxREs and the ability of the
TGTCTC element to confer auxin inducibility, we created a novel AuxRE by
placing a yeast GAL4 DNA binding site adjacent to the TGTCTC element.
Expression of a GAL4-c-Rel transactivator in the presence of this novel
AuxRE resulted in auxin-inducible expression. Our results indicate that at
least some AuxREs have a composite structure consisting of a constitutive
element adjacent to a conserved TGTCTC element that confers auxin
inducibility.
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