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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 7, Issue 12 2091-2100, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
ATP-Dependent Regulation of an Anion Channel at the Plasma Membrane of Protoplasts from Epidermal Cells of Arabidopsis Hypocotyls
S. Thomine, S. Zimmermann, J. Guern and H. Barbier-Brygoo
Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bat 22, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
Although Arabidopsis is the object of many genetic and molecular biology
investigations, relatively few studies deal with regulation of its
transmembrane ion exchanges. To clarify the role of ion transport in plant
development, organ-and tissue-specific ion channels must be studied. We
identified a voltage-dependent anion channel in epidermal cells of
Arabidopsis hypocotyls, thus providing a new example of the occurrence of
voltage-dependent anion channels in a specific plant cell type distinct
from the stomatal guard cell. The Arabidopsis hypocotyl anion channel is
able to function under two modes characterized by different voltage
dependences and different kinetic behaviors. This switch between a fast and
a slow mode is controlled by ATP. In the presence of intracellular ATP
(fast mode), the channels are closed at resting potentials, and whole-cell
currents activate upon depolarization. After activation, the anion current
deactivates rapidly and more and more completely at potentials negative to
the peak. In the absence of ATP, the current switches from this fast mode
to a mode characterized by a slow and incomplete deactivation at resting
potentials. In addition, the whole-cell currents can be correlated with the
activity of single channels. In the outside-out configuration, the presence
of ATP modulates the mean lifetimes of the open and closed states of the
channel at hyperpolarized potentials, thus controlling its open
probability. The fact that ATP-dependent voltage regulation was observed in
both whole-cell and outside-out configurations suggests that a single type
of anion channel can switch between two modes with distinct functional
properties.
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