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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 7, Issue 3 321-331, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Low-Temperature Signal Transduction: Induction of Cold Acclimation-Specific Genes of Alfalfa by Calcium at 25[deg]C
A. F. Monroy and R. S. Dhindsa
Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
To study the role of calcium in cold acclimation, we examined the
relationship between calcium influx and accumulation of transcripts of two
cas (cold acclimation-specific) genes of alfalfa, cas15 and cas18. Whereas
a decline in temperature from 25 to 15[deg]C had little effect on the
influx of extracellular 45Ca2+, an increasing influx was observed when the
temperature was lowered further. The influx of 45Ca2+ at 4[deg]C was nearly
15 times greater than at 25[deg]C. The addition of calcium chelators or of
calcium channel blockers, which have been shown to prevent cold
acclimation, inhibited the influx of extracellular 45Ca2+ as well as the
expression of cas genes at 4[deg]C. The addition of a calcium ionophore or
a calcium channel agonist to nonacclimated cells caused the influx of
extracellular 45Ca2+ and induced the expression of cas genes at 25[deg]C.
These results suggest that a cold-induced calcium influx plays an essential
role in cold acclimation. To further study the role of calcium, we isolated
two sequences corresponding to calcium-dependent protein kinases. The
transcript level of one of them was markedly upregulated at 4[deg]C. We
propose a sequence of signaling events that is likely to occur early during
cold acclimation and leads to the expression of cas genes and the
development of freezing tolerance.
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