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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 7, Issue 8 1207-1219, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Stimulus-Induced Oscillations in Guard Cell Cytosolic Free Calcium
M. R. McAinsh, AAR. Webb, J. E. Taylor and A. M. Hetherington
Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Division of Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
Ca2+ is implicated as a second messenger in the response of stomata to a
range of stimuli. However, the mechanism by which stimulus-induced
increases in guard cell cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) are transduced into
different physiological responses remains to be explained. Oscillations in
[Ca2+]i may provide one way in which this can occur. We used photometric
and imaging techniques to examine this hypothesis in guard cells of
Commelina communis. External Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e), which causes an increase in
[Ca2+]i, was used as a closing stimulus. The total increase in [Ca2+]i was
directly related to the concentration of [Ca2+]e, both of which correlated
closely with the degree of stomatal closure. Increases were oscillatory in
nature, with the pattern of the oscillations dependent on the concentration
of [Ca2+]e. At 0.1 mM, [Ca2+]e induced symmetrical oscillations. In
contrast, 1.0 mM [Ca2+]e induced asymmetric oscillations. Oscillations were
stimulus dependent and modulated by changing [Ca2+]e. Experiments using
Ca2+ channel blockers and Mn2+-quenching studies suggested a role for Ca2+
influx during the oscillatory behavior without excluding the possible
involvement of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. These data suggest a
mechanism for encoding the information required to distinguish between a
number of different Ca2+-mobilizing stimuli in guard cells, using
stimulus-specific patterns of oscillations in [Ca2+]i.
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