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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 2 189-201, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Localization of Actin mRNA during the Establishment of Cell Polarity and Early Cell Divisions in Fucus Embryos
F. Y. Bouget, S. Gerttula, S. L. Shaw and R. S. Quatrano
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
Localization of mRNA is a well-described mechanism to account for the
asymmetric distribution of proteins in polarized somatic cells and embryos
of animals. In zygotes of the brown alga Fucus, F-actin is localized at the
site of polar growth and accumulates at the cell plates of the first two
divisions of the embryo. We used a nonradioactive, whole-mount in situ
hybridization protocol to show the pattern of actin mRNA localization.
Until the first cell division, the pattern of actin mRNA localization is
identical to that of total poly(A)+ RNA, that is, a symmetrical
distribution in the zygote followed by an actin-dependent accumulation at
the thallus pole at the time of polar axis fixation. At the end of the
first division, actin mRNA specifically is redistributed from the thallus
pole to the cell plates of the first two divisions in the rhizoid. This
specific pattern of localization in the zygote and embryo involves the
redistribution of previously synthesized actin mRNA. The initial asymmetry
of actin mRNA at the thallus pole of the zygote requires polar axis
fixation and microfilaments but not microtubules, cell division, or polar
growth. However, redistribution of actin mRNA from the thallus pole to the
first cell plate is insensitive to cytoskeletal inhibitors but is dependent
on cell plate formation. The F-actin that accumulates at the rhizoid tip is
not accompanied by the localization of actin mRNA. However, maintenance of
an accumulation of actin protein at the cell plates of the rhizoid could be
explained, at least partially, by a mechanism involving localization of
actin mRNA at these sites. The pattern and requirements for actin mRNA
localization in the Fucus embryo may be relevant to polarization of the
embryo and asymmetric cell divisions in higher plants as well as in other
tip-growing plant cells.
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