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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 3 363-373, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Transport of DNA into the Nuclei of Xenopus Oocytes by a Modified VirE2 Protein of Agrobacterium
B. Guralnick, G. Thomsen and V. Citovsky
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215
We used Agrobacterium T-DNA nuclear transport to examine the specificity of
nuclear targeting between plants and animals and the nuclear import of DNA
by a specialized transport protein. Two karyophilic Agrobacterium virulence
(Vir) proteins, VirD2 and VirE2, which presumably associate with the
transported T-DNA and function in many plant species, were microinjected
into Drosophila embryos and Xenopus oocytes. In both animal systems, VirD2
localized to the cell nuclei and VirE2 remained exclusively cytoplasmic,
suggesting that VirE2 nuclear localization signals may be plant specific.
Repositioning one amino acid residue within VirE2 nuclear localization
signals enabled them to function in animal cells. The modified VirE2
protein bound DNA and actively transported it into the nuclei of Xenopus
oocytes. These observations suggest a functional difference in nuclear
import between animals and plants and show that DNA can be transported into
the cell nucleus via a protein-specific pathway.
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