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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 3 555-564, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Regulation of Plant Defense Response to Fungal Pathogens: Two Types of Protein Kinases in the Reversible Phosphorylation of the Host Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase
T. Xing, V. J. Higgins and E. Blumwald
Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
The role of reversible phosphorylation of the host plasma membrane
H+-ATPase in signal transduction during the incompatible interaction
between tomato cells and the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum was
investigated. Tomato cells (with the Cf-5 resistance gene) or isolated
plasma membranes from Cf-5 cells treated with elicitor preparations from
race 2.3 or 4 of C. fulvum (containing the avr5 gene product) showed a
marked dephosphorylation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Similar treatment
with elicitor preparations from races 5 and 2.4.5.9.11 (lacking the avr5
gene product) showed no change in dephosphorylation. Elicitor (race 4)
treatment of cells, but not of isolated plasma membranes, for 2 hr resulted
in rephosphorylation of the ATPase via Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. The
initial (first hour) rephosphorylation was enhanced by protein kinase C
(PKC) activators and was prevented by PKC inhibitors. Activity of a second
kinase appeared after 1 hr and was responsible for the continuing
phosphorylation of the H+-ATPase. This latter Ca2+-dependent kinase was
inhibited by a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist and by an inhibitor of
Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II. The activation of the
Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase depended on the prior activation of the
PKC-like kinase.
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