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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 7 1095-1105, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Expression of the Pseudomonas syringae Avirulence Protein AvrB in Plant Cells Alleviates Its Dependence on the Hypersensitive Response and Pathogenicity (Hrp) Secretion System in Eliciting Genotype-Specific Hypersensitive Cell Death
S. Gopalan, D. W. Bauer, J. R. Alfano, A. O. Loniello, S. Y. He and A. Collmer
Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312
The nonpathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli can
elicit a genotype-specific hypersensitive response (HR) in plants if they
express both the HR and pathogenesis (Hrp) protein secretion system and the
HrpZ harpin from P. syringae pv syringae 61 and a P. syringae avirulence
(avr) gene whose presence is recognized by a corresponding disease
resistance gene in the plant. We have found that the recognition event
appears to require transfer of the Avr protein into the plant cell.
Elicitation of a genotype-specific HR was observed with avrB+ P.
fluorescens in soybean and Arabidopsis plants carrying resistance genes
RPG1 and RPM1, respectively, and with avrPto+ E. coli in tomato plants
carrying resistance gene PTO, but only if the Hrp secretion system, HrpZ,
and the appropriate Avr proteins were produced in the same bacterial cell.
The failure of avrB hyperexpression and exogenous AvrB or HrpZ to alleviate
these requirements in soybean and Arabidopsis suggests that the site of
AvrB action is not in the bacterial cell or plant apoplast. An Arabidopsis
rps3 (rpm1) glabrous1 mutant was transformed with constructs expressing
avrB and was crossed with an Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (RPM1 GLABROUS1)
plant. F1 seedlings (identified by their kanamycin-resistant, pubescent
phenotype) exhibited extensive necrosis on cotyledon leaves 10 days
postgermination. Ecotype Columbia and rps3-1 leaves biolistically
cobombarded with plasmids expressing the [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS) gene
and avrB failed to produce GUS activity (indicative of cell death) only
when RPM1 and avrB were present in the leaf. Thus, both stable and
transient expression of avrB in Arabidopsis resulted in RPM1-dependent
necrosis, and the only demonstrable site of action for AvrB was inside
plant cells.
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