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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 7 1171-1179, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Localization and Interaction of the cis-Acting Elements for Abscisic Acid, VIVIPAROUS1, and Light Activation of the C1 Gene of Maize
C. Y. Kao, S. M. Cocciolone, I. K. Vasil and D. R. McCarty
Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
The C1 regulatory gene of the maize anthocyanin pathway is regulated by a
combination of developmental and environmental signals that include the
Viviparous1 (Vp1) gene, abscisic acid (ABA), and light. Using protoplast
electroporation and particle bombardment assays, we have defined cis-acting
elements that are necessary and sufficient for the activation of C1 by ABA,
VP1, and light, respectively. The sequence from positions -142 to -132
(CGTCCATGCAT) is essential for VP1 activation, whereas a larger overlapping
element from -147 to -132 (CGTGTCGTCCATGCAT) is necessary and sufficient
for activation by ABA. A separate light (blue and red)-responsive cis
element is located between positions -116 and -59. Light interacts
synergistically with the ABA and VP1 responses in transient expression
assays, suggesting that combinatorial interaction between modules plays a
role in integrating these signals in the developing seed.
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