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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 8 1239-1248, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Molecular Organization and Tissue-Specific Expression of an Arabidopsis 14-3-3 Gene
C. J. Daugherty, M. F. Rooney, P. W. Miller and R. J. Ferl
Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
The 14-3-3 proteins, originally described as mammalian brain proteins, are
ubiquitous in eukaryotes. We isolated an Arabidopsis 14-3-3 gene,
designated GRF1-GF14[chi] (for general regulatory factor1-G-box factor
14-3-3 homolog isoform chi), and characterized its expression within plant
tissues. Sequence comparison of the GRF1-GF14[chi] genomic clone with other
14-3-3 proteins demonstrated that the extreme conservation of 14-3-3
residues in several domains is encoded by the first three exons. The highly
variable C-terminal domain is encoded by a divergent fourth exon that is
unique among 14-3-3 homologs, suggesting that exon shuffling might confer
gene-specific functions among the isoforms. The anatomical distribution and
developmental expression of the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 protein were examined in
transgenic plants carrying a GRF1-GFl4[chi] promoter-[beta]-glucuronidase
construct. GF14[chi] promoter activity was observed in the roots of both
seedlings and mature plants. In immature flowers, GFl4[chi] promoter
activity was localized to the buds. However, as the flowers matured,
GFl4[chi] promoter activity was restricted to the stigma, anthers, and
pollen. In immature siliques, GF14[chi] promoter activity was initially
localized to styles and abscission zones but was subsequently observed
throughout mature siliques. In situ hybridization demonstrated that
GFl4[chi] mRNA expression was prominent in epidermal tissue of roots,
petals, and sepals of flower buds, papillae cells of flowers, siliques, and
endosperm of immature seeds. Thus, plant 14-3-3 gene expression exhibits
cell- and tissue-specific localization rivaling that observed for 14-3-3
proteins within the mammalian brain.
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