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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 8 1277-1289, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
KNAT1 Induces Lobed Leaves with Ectopic Meristems When Overexpressed in Arabidopsis
G. Chuck, C. Lincoln and S. Hake
Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Plant development depends on the activity of apical meristems, which are
groups of indeterminate cells whose derivatives elaborate the organs of the
mature plant. Studies of knotted1 (kn1) and related gene family members
have determined potential roles for homeobox genes in the function of shoot
meristems. The Arabidopsis kn1-like gene, KNAT1, is expressed in the shoot
apical meristem and not in determinate organs. Here, we show that ectopic
expression of KNAT1 in Arabidopsis transforms simple leaves into lobed
leaves. The lobes initiate in the position of serrations yet have features
of leaves, such as stipules, which form in the sinus, the region at the
base of two lobes. Ectopic meristems also arise in the sinus region close
to veins. Identity of the meristem, that is, vegetative or floral, depends
on whether the meristem develops on a rosette or cauline leaf,
respectively. Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the expression of
KNAT1 and another kn1-like homeobox gene, SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, in
cauliflower mosaic virus 35S::KNAT1 transformants. KNAT1 expression is
strong in vasculature, possibly explaining the proximity of the ectopic
meristems to veins. After leaf cells have formed a layered meristem, SHOOT
MERISTEMLESS expression begins in only a subset of these cells,
demonstrating that KNAT1 is sufficient to induce meristems in the leaf. The
shootlike features of the lobed leaves are consistent with the normal
domain of KNAT1's expression and further suggest that kn1-related genes may
have played a role in the evolution of leaf diversity.
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S. P. Venglat, T. Dumonceaux, K. Rozwadowski, L. Parnell, V. Babic, W. Keller, R. Martienssen, G. Selvaraj, and R. Datla
The homeobox gene BREVIPEDICELLUS is a key regulator of inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis
PNAS,
March 21, 2002;
(2002)
72626099.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. Y. Kim, Z. Yuan, M. Cilia, Z. Khalfan-Jagani, and D. Jackson
Intercellular trafficking of a KNOTTED1 green fluorescent protein fusion in the leaf and shoot meristem of Arabidopsis
PNAS,
March 19, 2002;
99(6):
4103 - 4108.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. J. Douglas, G. Chuck, R. E. Dengler, L. Pelecanda, and C. D. Riggs
KNAT1 and ERECTA Regulate Inflorescence Architecture in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2002;
14(3):
547 - 558.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J.-L. Gallois, C. Woodward, G. V. Reddy, and R. Sablowski
Combined SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and WUSCHEL trigger ectopic organogenesis in Arabidopsis
Development,
January 7, 2002;
129(13):
3207 - 3217.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. J. Scanlon, D. C. Henderson, and B. Bernstein
SEMAPHORE1 functions during the regulation of ancestrally duplicated knox genes and polar auxin transport in maize
Development,
January 6, 2002;
129(11):
2663 - 2673.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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Y. Sato, Y. Aoki, and M. Matsuoka
A Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Rice KNOX Type Homeobox Gene, OSH3
Plant Cell Physiol.,
January 1, 2002;
43(1):
44 - 51.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. Bharathan and N. R. Sinha
The Regulation of Compound Leaf Development
Plant Physiology,
December 1, 2001;
127(4):
1533 - 1538.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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H. Nagasaki, T. Sakamoto, Y. Sato, and M. Matsuoka
Functional Analysis of the Conserved Domains of a Rice KNOX Homeodomain Protein, OSH15
PLANT CELL,
September 1, 2001;
13(9):
2085 - 2098.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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P. McSteen and S. Hake
barren inflorescence2 regulates axillary meristem development in the maize inflorescence
Development,
August 1, 2001;
128(15):
2881 - 2891.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. Lu, Z. Zainal, G. A. Tucker, and G. W. Lycett
Developmental Abnormalities and Reduced Fruit Softening in Tomato Plants Expressing an Antisense Rab11 GTPase Gene
PLANT CELL,
August 1, 2001;
13(8):
1819 - 1833.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. Frugis, D. Giannino, G. Mele, C. Nicolodi, A. Chiappetta, M. B. Bitonti, A. M. Innocenti, W. Dewitte, H. Van Onckelen, and D. Mariotti
Overexpression of KNAT1 in Lettuce Shifts Leaf Determinate Growth to a Shoot-Like Indeterminate Growth Associated with an Accumulation of Isopentenyl-Type Cytokinins
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2001;
126(4):
1370 - 1380.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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T. Tantikanjana, J. W.H. Yong, D. S. Letham, M. Griffith, M. Hussain, K. Ljung, G. Sandberg, and V. Sundaresan
Control of axillary bud initiation and shoot architecture in Arabidopsis through the SUPERSHOOT gene
Genes & Dev.,
June 15, 2001;
15(12):
1577 - 1588.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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H. Li, J.-J. Shen, Z.-L. Zheng, Y. Lin, and Z. Yang
The Rop GTPase Switch Controls Multiple Developmental Processes in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2001;
126(2):
670 - 684.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. Tsiantis
Control of Shoot Cell Fate: Beyond Homeoboxes
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2001;
13(4):
733 - 738.
[Full Text]
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T. Sakamoto, N. Kamiya, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, S. Iwahori, and M. Matsuoka
KNOX homeodomain protein directly suppresses the expression of a gibberellin biosynthetic gene in the tobacco shoot apical meristem
Genes & Dev.,
March 1, 2001;
15(5):
581 - 590.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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E Semiarti, Y Ueno, H Tsukaya, H Iwakawa, C Machida, and Y Machida
The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates formation of a symmetric lamina, establishment of venation and repression of meristem-related homeobox genes in leaves
Development,
January 5, 2001;
128(10):
1771 - 1783.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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S Takada, K Hibara, T Ishida, and M Tasaka
The CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 gene of Arabidopsis regulates shoot apical meristem formation
Development,
January 4, 2001;
128(7):
1127 - 1135.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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L. E. Graham, M. E. Cook, and J. S. Busse
Special Feature: The origin of plants: Body plan changes contributing to a major evolutionary radiation
PNAS,
April 25, 2000;
97(9):
4535 - 4540.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. Pozzi, P. Faccioli, V. Terzi, A. M. Stanca, S. Cerioli, P. Castiglioni, R. Fink, R. Capone, K. J. Müller, G. Bossinger, et al.
Genetics of Mutations Affecting the Development of a Barley Floral Bract
Genetics,
March 1, 2000;
154(3):
1335 - 1346.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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M. Frank, H.-M. Rupp, E. Prinsen, V. Motyka, H. Van Onckelen, and T. Schmulling
Hormone Autotrophic Growth and Differentiation Identifies Mutant Lines of Arabidopsis with Altered Cytokinin and Auxin Content or Signaling
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2000;
122(3):
721 - 730.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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N Ori, Y Eshed, G Chuck, J. Bowman, and S Hake
Mechanisms that control knox gene expression in the Arabidopsis shoot
Development,
January 12, 2000;
127(24):
5523 - 5532.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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E Vollbrecht, L Reiser, and S Hake
Shoot meristem size is dependent on inbred background and presence of the maize homeobox gene, knotted1
Development,
January 7, 2000;
127(14):
3161 - 3172.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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T. Sakamoto, A. Nishimura, M. Tamaoki, M. Kuba, H. Tanaka, S. Iwahori, and M. Matsuoka
The Conserved KNOX Domain Mediates Specificity of Tobacco KNOTTED1-Type Homeodomain Proteins
PLANT CELL,
August 1, 1999;
11(8):
1419 - 1432.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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N. Ori, M. T. Juarez, D. Jackson, J. Yamaguchi, G. M. Banowetz, and S. Hake
Leaf Senescence Is Delayed in Tobacco Plants Expressing the Maize Homeobox Gene knotted1 under the Control of a Senescence-Activated Promoter
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 1999;
11(6):
1073 - 1080.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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G. Frugis, D. Giannino, G. Mele, C. Nicolodi, A. M. Innocenti, A. Chiappetta, M. Beatrice Bitonti, W. Dewitte, H. Van Onckelen, and D. Mariotti
Are Homeobox Knotted-Like Genes and Cytokinins the Leaf Architects?
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 1999;
119(2):
371 - 374.
[Full Text]
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J Alvarez and D. Smyth
CRABS CLAW and SPATULA, two Arabidopsis genes that control carpel development in parallel with AGAMOUS
Development,
January 6, 1999;
126(11):
2377 - 2386.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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K Lynn, A Fernandez, M Aida, J Sedbrook, M Tasaka, P Masson, and M. Barton
The PINHEAD/ZWILLE gene acts pleiotropically in Arabidopsis development and has overlapping functions with the ARGONAUTE1 gene
Development,
January 2, 1999;
126(3):
469 - 481.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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A. Sundas-Larsson, M. Svenson, H. Liao, and P. Engstrom
A homeobox gene with potential developmental control function in the meristem of the conifer Picea abies
PNAS,
December 8, 1998;
95(25):
15118 - 15122.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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B. Veit
Leaf Initiation: New Developments in an Expanding Field
PLANT CELL,
September 1, 1998;
10(9):
1407 - 1412.
[Full Text]
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B.-J. Janssen, L. Lund, and N. Sinha
Overexpression of a Homeobox Gene, LeT6, Reveals Indeterminate Features in the Tomato Compound Leaf
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 1998;
117(3):
771 - 786.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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M. Timmermans, N. Schultes, J. Jankovsky, and T Nelson
Leafbladeless1 is required for dorsoventrality of lateral organs in maize
Development,
January 8, 1998;
125(15):
2813 - 2823.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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J. Long and M. Barton
The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis
Development,
January 8, 1998;
125(16):
3027 - 3035.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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R. Williams-Carrier, Y. Lie, S Hake, and P. Lemaux
Ectopic expression of the maize kn1 gene phenocopies the Hooded mutant of barley
Development,
January 10, 1997;
124(19):
3737 - 3745.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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R. Kerstetter, D Laudencia-Chingcuanco, L. Smith, and S Hake
Loss-of-function mutations in the maize homeobox gene, knotted1, are defective in shoot meristem maintenance
Development,
January 8, 1997;
124(16):
3045 - 3054.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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