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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 8 1277-1289, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
KNAT1 Induces Lobed Leaves with Ectopic Meristems When Overexpressed in Arabidopsis
G. Chuck, C. Lincoln and S. Hake
Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Plant development depends on the activity of apical meristems, which are
groups of indeterminate cells whose derivatives elaborate the organs of the
mature plant. Studies of knotted1 (kn1) and related gene family members
have determined potential roles for homeobox genes in the function of shoot
meristems. The Arabidopsis kn1-like gene, KNAT1, is expressed in the shoot
apical meristem and not in determinate organs. Here, we show that ectopic
expression of KNAT1 in Arabidopsis transforms simple leaves into lobed
leaves. The lobes initiate in the position of serrations yet have features
of leaves, such as stipules, which form in the sinus, the region at the
base of two lobes. Ectopic meristems also arise in the sinus region close
to veins. Identity of the meristem, that is, vegetative or floral, depends
on whether the meristem develops on a rosette or cauline leaf,
respectively. Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the expression of
KNAT1 and another kn1-like homeobox gene, SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, in
cauliflower mosaic virus 35S::KNAT1 transformants. KNAT1 expression is
strong in vasculature, possibly explaining the proximity of the ectopic
meristems to veins. After leaf cells have formed a layered meristem, SHOOT
MERISTEMLESS expression begins in only a subset of these cells,
demonstrating that KNAT1 is sufficient to induce meristems in the leaf. The
shootlike features of the lobed leaves are consistent with the normal
domain of KNAT1's expression and further suggest that kn1-related genes may
have played a role in the evolution of leaf diversity.
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