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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 8 1391-1407, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Embryo Sac Development in the Maize indeterminate gametophyte1 Mutant: Abnormal Nuclear Behavior and Defective Microtubule Organization
B. Q. Huang and W. F. Sheridan
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019
The indeterminate gametophyte1 mutation in maize has been known to disrupt
development of the female gametophyte. Mutant embryo sacs have abnormal
numbers and behavior of micropylar and central cell nuclei, which result in
polyembryony and elevated ploidy levels in the endosperm of developing
kernels. In this study, we confirm abnormal nuclear behavior and present
novel findings. In contrast to the normal form, there is no obvious
polarity in two-nucleate embryo sacs or in the micropylar cells of
eight-nucleate embryo sacs. We show that the second and third mitoses are
not fully synchronized and that additional mitoses can occur in all of the
nuclei of the mutant embryo sac or in just the micropylar or central
regions. After cellularization, individual micropylar cells can undergo
mitosis. Abnormal microtubular behavior results in irregular positioning of
the nuclei, asynchronous microtubular patterns in different pairs of
nuclei, and abnormal phragmoplasts after the third mitotic division. These
results indicate that in addition to acting primarily in controlling
nuclear divisions, the indeterminate gametophyte1 gene acts secondarily in
regulating microtubule behavior. This cytoskeletal activity most likely
controls the polarization and nuclear migration underlying the formation
and fate of the cells of the normal embryo sac.
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