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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 8, Issue 8 1437-1446, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Salt Stress-Induced Proline Transporters and Salt Stress-Repressed Broad Specificity Amino Acid Permeases Identified by Suppression of a Yeast Amino Acid Permease-Targeting Mutant
D. Rentsch, B. Hirner, E. Schmelzer and W. B. Frommer
Institut fur Genbiologische Forschung, Ihnestrasse 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
A yeast mutant lacking SHR3, a protein specifically required for correct
targeting of plasma membrane amino acid permeases, was used to study the
targeting of plant transporters and as a tool to isolate new
SHR3-independent amino acid transporters. For this purpose, an shr3 mutant
was transformed with an Arabidopsis cDNA library. Thirty-four clones were
capable of growth under selective conditions, but none showed homology with
SHR3. However, genes encoding eight different amino acid transporters
belonging to three different transporter families were isolated. Five of
these are members of the general amino acid permease (AAP) gene family, one
is a member of the NTR family, encoding an oligopeptide transporter, and
two belong to a new class of transporter genes. A functional analysis of
the latter two genes revealed that they encode specific proline
transporters (ProT) that are distantly related to the AAP gene family.
ProT1 was found to be expressed in all organs, but highest levels were
found in roots, stems, and flowers. Expression in flowers was highest in
the floral stalk phloem that enters the carpels and was downregulated after
fertilization, indicating a specific role in supplying the ovules with
proline. ProT2 transcripts were found ubiquitously throughout the plant,
but expression was strongly induced under water or salt stress, implying
that ProT2 plays an important role in nitrogen distribution during water
stress, unlike members of the AAP gene family whose expression was
repressed under the same conditions. These results corroborate the general
finding that under water stress, amino acid export is impaired whereas
proline export is increased.
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