|
THE PLANT CELL, Vol 9, Issue 11 1951-1962, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
The Arabidopsis deetiolated2 Mutant Is Blocked Early in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
S. Fujioka, J. Li, Y. H. Choi, H. Seto, S. Takatsuto, T. Noguchi, T. Watanabe, H. Kuriyama, T. Yokota, J. Chory and A. Sakurai
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan
The Arabidopsis DEETIOLATED2 (DET2) gene has been cloned and shown to
encode a protein that shares significant sequence identity with mammalian
steroid 5[alpha]-reductases. Loss of DET2 function causes many defects in
Arabidopsis development that can be rescued by the application of
brassinolide; therefore, we propose that DET2 encodes a reductase that acts
at the first step of the proposed biosynthetic pathway[mdash]in the
conversion of campesterol to campestanol. Here, we used biochemical
measurements and biological assays to determine the precise biochemical
defect in det2 mutants. We show that DET2 actually acts at the second step
in brassinolide biosynthesis in the 5[alpha]-reduction of
(24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one, which is further modified to form
campestanol. In feeding experiments using 2H6-labeled campesterol, no
significant level of 2H6-labeled campestanol was detected in det2, whereas
the wild type accumulated substantial levels. Using gas
chromatography-selected ion monitoring analysis, we show that several
presumed null alleles of det2 accumulated only 8 to 15% of the wild-type
levels of campestanol. Moreover, in det2 mutants, the endogenous levels of
(24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one increased by threefold, whereas the
levels of all other measured brassinosteroids accumulated to <10% of
wild-type levels. Exogenously applied biosynthetic intermediates of
brassinolide were found to rescue both the dark- and light-grown defects of
det2 mutants. Together, these results refine the original proposed pathway
for brassinolide and indicate that mutations in DET2 block the second step
in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. These results reinforce the utility of
combining genetic and biochemical analyses to studies of biosynthetic
pathways and strengthen the argument that brassinosteroids play an
essential role in Arabidopsis development.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
Y. Gao, S. Wang, T. Asami, and J.-G. Chen
Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Arabidopsis Heterotrimeric G-protein {alpha} Subunit Enhance the Developmental Defects of Brassinosteroid Signaling and Biosynthesis Mutants
Plant Cell Physiol.,
July 1, 2008;
49(7):
1013 - 1024.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ariizumi, T. Kawanabe, K. Hatakeyama, S. Sato, T. Kato, S. Tabata, and K. Toriyama
Ultrastructural Characterization of Exine Development of the transient defective exine 1 Mutant Suggests the Existence of a Factor Involved in Constructing Reticulate Exine Architecture from Sporopollenin Aggregates
Plant Cell Physiol.,
January 1, 2008;
49(1):
58 - 67.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Rasbery, H. Shan, R. J. LeClair, M. Norman, S. P. T. Matsuda, and B. Bartel
Arabidopsis thaliana Squalene Epoxidase 1 Is Essential for Root and Seed Development
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 8, 2007;
282(23):
17002 - 17013.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. K. Lee, G.-T. Kim, I.-J. Kim, J. Park, S.-S. Kwak, G. Choi, and W.-I. Chung
LONGIFOLIA1 and LONGIFOLIA2, two homologous genes, regulate longitudinal cell elongation in Arabidopsis
Development,
November 1, 2006;
133(21):
4305 - 4314.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ohnishi, A.-M. Szatmari, B. Watanabe, S. Fujita, S. Bancos, C. Koncz, M. Lafos, K. Shibata, T. Yokota, K. Sakata, et al.
C-23 Hydroxylation by Arabidopsis CYP90C1 and CYP90D1 Reveals a Novel Shortcut in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2006;
18(11):
3275 - 3288.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bancos, A.-M. Szatmari, J. Castle, L. Kozma-Bognar, K. Shibata, T. Yokota, G. J. Bishop, F. Nagy, and M. Szekeres
Diurnal Regulation of the Brassinosteroid-Biosynthetic CPD Gene in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2006;
141(1):
299 - 309.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Poppenberger, S. Fujioka, K. Soeno, G. L. George, F. E. Vaistij, S. Hiranuma, H. Seto, S. Takatsuto, G. Adam, S. Yoshida, et al.
From the Cover: The UGT73C5 of Arabidopsis thaliana glucosylates brassinosteroids
PNAS,
October 18, 2005;
102(42):
15253 - 15258.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-W. Kim, J.-Y. Hwang, Y.-S. Kim, S.-H. Joo, S. C. Chang, J. S. Lee, S. Takatsuto, and S.-K. Kim
Arabidopsis CYP85A2, a Cytochrome P450, Mediates the Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Castasterone to Brassinolide in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
PLANT CELL,
August 1, 2005;
17(8):
2397 - 2412.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wang, S. B. Tiwari, G. Hagen, and T. J. Guilfoyle
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 Restores the Expression of Auxin-Responsive Genes in Mutant Arabidopsis Leaf Mesophyll Protoplasts
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2005;
17(7):
1979 - 1993.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Nomura, C. E. Jager, Y. Kitasaka, K. Takeuchi, M. Fukami, K. Yoneyama, Y. Matsushita, H. Nyunoya, S. Takatsuto, S. Fujioka, et al.
Brassinosteroid Deficiency Due to Truncated Steroid 5{alpha}-Reductase Causes Dwarfism in the lk Mutant of Pea
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2004;
135(4):
2220 - 2229.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-W. Kim, S. C. Chang, J. S. Lee, S. Takatsuto, T. Yokota, and S.-K. Kim
Novel Biosynthetic Pathway of Castasterone from Cholesterol in Tomato
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 2004;
135(3):
1231 - 1242.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nakamura, K. Higuchi, H. Goda, M. T. Fujiwara, S. Sawa, T. Koshiba, Y. Shimada, and S. Yoshida
Brassinolide Induces IAA5, IAA19, and DR5, a Synthetic Auxin Response Element in Arabidopsis, Implying a Cross Talk Point of Brassinosteroid and Auxin Signaling
Plant Physiology,
December 1, 2003;
133(4):
1843 - 1853.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Chono, I. Honda, H. Zeniya, K. Yoneyama, D. Saisho, K. Takeda, S. Takatsuto, T. Hoshino, and Y. Watanabe
A Semidwarf Phenotype of Barley uzu Results from a Nucleotide Substitution in the Gene Encoding a Putative Brassinosteroid Receptor
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2003;
133(3):
1209 - 1219.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-X. He, S. Fujioka, T.-C. Li, S. G. Kang, H. Seto, S. Takatsuto, S. Yoshida, and J.-C. Jang
Sterols Regulate Development and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2003;
131(3):
1258 - 1269.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Thummel and J. Chory
Steroid signaling in plants and insects---common themes, different pathways
Genes & Dev.,
December 15, 2002;
16(24):
3113 - 3129.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kasahara, A. Hanada, T. Kuzuyama, M. Takagi, Y. Kamiya, and S. Yamaguchi
Contribution of the Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways to the Biosynthesis of Gibberellins in Arabidopsis
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 15, 2002;
277(47):
45188 - 45194.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Goda, Y. Shimada, T. Asami, S. Fujioka, and S. Yoshida
Microarray Analysis of Brassinosteroid-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2002;
130(3):
1319 - 1334.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Iliev, W. Xu, D. H. Polisensky, M.-H. Oh, R. S. Torisky, S. D. Clouse, and J. Braam
Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Arabidopsis TCH4 Expression by Diverse Stimuli. Roles of cis Regions and Brassinosteroids
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2002;
130(2):
770 - 783.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, and S. Yoshida
An Early C-22 Oxidation Branch in the Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Pathway
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2002;
130(2):
930 - 939.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. P. Devarenne, A. Ghosh, and J. Chappell
Regulation of Squalene Synthase, a Key Enzyme of Sterol Biosynthesis, in Tobacco
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 2002;
129(3):
1095 - 1106.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Basse, C. Kerschbamer, M. Brustmann, T. Altmann, and R. Kahmann
Evidence for a Ustilago maydis Steroid 5alpha -Reductase by Functional Expression in Arabidopsis det2-1 Mutants
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2002;
129(2):
717 - 732.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tsukaya
The Leaf Index: Heteroblasty, Natural Variation, and the Genetic Control of Polar Processes of Leaf Expansion
Plant Cell Physiol.,
April 15, 2002;
43(4):
372 - 378.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nakaya, H. Tsukaya, N. Murakami, and M. Kato
Brassinosteroids Control the Proliferation of Leaf Cells of Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.,
February 1, 2002;
43(2):
239 - 244.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Li, J.-J. Shen, Z.-L. Zheng, Y. Lin, and Z. Yang
The Rop GTPase Switch Controls Multiple Developmental Processes in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2001;
126(2):
670 - 684.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Bishop and T. Yokota
Plants Steroid Hormones, Brassinosteroids: Current Highlights of Molecular Aspects on their Synthesis/Metabolism, Transport, Perception and Response
Plant Cell Physiol.,
February 1, 2001;
42(2):
114 - 120.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Wagner and B. D. Kohorn
Wall-Associated Kinases Are Expressed throughout Plant Development and Are Required for Cell Expansion
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 2001;
13(2):
303 - 318.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Yamamoto, S. Fujioka, T. Demura, S. Takatsuto, S. Yoshida, and H. Fukuda
Brassinosteroid Levels Increase Drastically Prior to Morphogenesis of Tracheary Elements
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 2001;
125(2):
556 - 563.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Brenner, N. Martinez-Barboza, A. P. Clark, Q. S. Liang, D. W. Stevenson, and G. M. Coruzzi
Arabidopsis Mutants Resistant to S(+)-{beta}-Methyl-{alpha}, {beta}-Diaminopropionic Acid, a Cycad-Derived Glutamate Receptor Agonist
Plant Physiology,
December 1, 2000;
124(4):
1615 - 1624.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Choe, S. Takatsuto, F. E. Tax, S. Yoshida, and K. A. Feldmann
Biosynthetic Pathways of Brassinolide in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2000;
124(1):
201 - 210.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-C. Jang, S. Fujioka, M. Tasaka, H. Seto, S. Takatsuto, A. Ishii, M. Aida, S. Yoshida, and J. Sheen
A critical role of sterols in embryonic patterning and meristem programming revealed by the fackel mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
Genes & Dev.,
June 15, 2000;
14(12):
1485 - 1497.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Diener, H. Li, W.-x. Zhou, W. J. Whoriskey, W. D. Nes, and G. R. Fink
STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 Controls the Level of Cholesterol in Plants
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2000;
12(6):
853 - 870.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Asami, Y. K. Min, N. Nagata, K. Yamagishi, S. Takatsuto, S. Fujioka, N. Murofushi, I. Yamaguchi, and S. Yoshida
Characterization of Brassinazole, a Triazole-Type Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Inhibitor
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2000;
123(1):
93 - 100.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. V. Koka, R. E. Cerny, R. G. Gardner, T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, S. Yoshida, and S. D. Clouse
A Putative Role for the Tomato Genes DUMPY and CURL-3 in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Response
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2000;
122(1):
85 - 98.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Neff, S. M. Nguyen, E. J. Malancharuvil, S. Fujioka, T. Noguchi, H. Seto, M. Tsubuki, T. Honda, S. Takatsuto, S. Yoshida, et al.
Inaugural Article: BAS1: A gene regulating brassinosteroid levels and light responsiveness in Arabidopsis
PNAS,
December 21, 1999;
96(26):
15316 - 15323.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Choe, S. Takatsuto, S. Yoshida, H. Yuan, K. A. Feldmann, and F. E. Tax
Brassinosteroid-Insensitive Dwarf Mutants of Arabidopsis Accumulate Brassinosteroids
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 1999;
121(3):
743 - 752.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, A. Sakurai, S. Yoshida, J. Li, and J. Chory
Arabidopsis det2 Is Defective in the Conversion of (24R)-24-Methylcholest-4-En-3-One to (24R)-24-Methyl-5alpha -Cholestan-3-One in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 1999;
120(3):
833 - 840.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Nomura, Y. Kitasaka, S. Takatsuto, J. B. Reid, M. Fukami, and T. Yokota
Brassinosteroid/Sterol Synthesis and Plant Growth as Affected by lka and lkb Mutations of Pea
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 1999;
119(4):
1517 - 1526.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Choe, B. P. Dilkes, B. D. Gregory, A. S. Ross, H. Yuan, T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, A. Tanaka, S. Yoshida, et al.
The Arabidopsis dwarf1 Mutant Is Defective in the Conversion of 24-Methylenecholesterol to Campesterol in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 1999;
119(3):
897 - 908.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Bishop, T. Nomura, T. Yokota, K. Harrison, T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, J. D. G. Jones, and Y. Kamiya
The tomato DWARF enzyme catalyses C-6 oxidation in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
PNAS,
February 16, 1999;
96(4):
1761 - 1766.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Choe, T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, C. P. Tissier, B. D. Gregory, A. S. Ross, A. Tanaka, S. Yoshida, F. E. Tax, et al.
wThe Arabidopsis dw f 7/ste1 Mutant Is Defective in the {Delta}7 Sterol C-5 Desaturation Step Leading to Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 1999;
11(2):
207 - 222.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Klahre, T. Noguchi, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, T. Yokota, T. Nomura, S. Yoshida, and N.-H. Chua
The Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1 Gene Encodes a Protein Involved in Steroid Synthesis
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 1998;
10(10):
1677 - 1690.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Schaller, P. Bouvier-Navé, and P. Benveniste
Overexpression of an Arabidopsis cDNA Encoding a Sterol-C241-Methyltransferase in Tobacco Modifies the Ratio of 24-Methyl Cholesterol to Sitosterol and Is Associated with Growth Reduction
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 1998;
118(2):
461 - 469.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Choe, B. P. Dilkes, S. Fujioka, S. Takatsuto, A. Sakurai, and K. A. Feldmann
The DWF4 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cytochrome P450 That Mediates Multiple 22{alpha}-Hydroxylation Steps in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 1998;
10(2):
231 - 244.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
