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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 9, Issue 12 2261-2270, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Protein Binding to the Abscisic Acid-Responsive Element Is Independent of VIVIPAROUS1 in Vivo
P. K. Busk and M. Pages
Departament de Genetica Molecular, Centre d'Investigacio i Desenvolupament, Consell Superior d'Investigacions Cientifiques, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
The plant hormone abscisic acid and the transcriptional activator
VIVIPAROUS1 have a synergistic effect on transcription during embryo
development. An abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE) mediates induction
by abscisic acid and VIVIPAROUS1, but the mechanism involved has not been
determined. In this study, we explore the interaction between abscisic acid
and VIVIPAROUS1 and its effect on the ABRE from the maize rab28 gene. In
transient transformation experiments, abscisic acid stimulated
transcription via several elements, whereas activation by VIVIPAROUS1 was
mediated exclusively through the ABRE. In vivo footprinting showed only
minor differences in binding to the ABRE between wild-type and
VIVIPAROUS1-deficient embryos, suggesting that VIVIPAROUS1 stimulates
transcription through the ABRE without major changes in protein-DNA
interactions. A factor that bound to the ABRE in electrophoretic mobility
shift assays was present at the same developmental stages as rab28 mRNA and
had binding characteristics similar to those observed by in vivo
footprinting. This suggests that the factor binds to the ABRE in the rab28
promoter in vivo. We discuss the constraints that our results put on the
possible mechanism for action of VIVIPAROUS1 in vivo.
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