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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 9, Issue 5 689-701, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Collapsed Xylem Phenotype of Arabidopsis Identifies Mutants Deficient in Cellulose Deposition in the Secondary Cell Wall
S. R. Turner and C. R. Somerville
University of Manchester, School of Biological Science, 3.614 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
Recessive mutations at three loci cause the collapse of mature xylem cells
in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis. These irregular xylem (irx)
mutations were identified by screening plants from a mutagenized population
by microscopic examination of stem sections. The xylem cell defect was
associated with an up to eightfold reduction in the total amount of
cellulose in mature inflorescence stems. The amounts of cell
wall-associated phenolics and polysaccharides were unaffected by the
mutations. Examination of the cell walls by using electron microscopy
demonstrated that the decreases in cellulose content of irx lines resulted
in an alteration of the spatial organization of cell wall material. This
suggests that a normal pattern of cellulose deposition may be required for
assembly of lignin or polysaccharides. The reduced cellulose content of the
stems also resulted in a decrease in stiffness of the stem material. This
is consistent with the irregular xylem phenotype and suggests that the
walls of irx plants are not resistant to compressive forces. Because lignin
was implicated previously as a major factor in resistance to compressive
forces, these results suggest either that cellulose has a direct role in
providing resistance to compressive forces or that it is required for the
development of normal lignin structure. The irx plants had a slight
reduction in growth rate and stature but were otherwise normal in
appearance. The mutations should be useful in facilitating the
identification of factors that control the synthesis and deposition of
cellulose and other cell wall components.
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W. Lukowitz, T. C. Nickle, D. W. Meinke, R. L. Last, P. L. Conklin, and C. R. Somerville
Arabidopsis cyt1 mutants are deficient in a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase and point to a requirement of N-linked glycosylation for cellulose biosynthesis
PNAS,
February 27, 2001;
98(5):
2262 - 2267.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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