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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 9, Issue 5 759-771, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and ABI1 Genes Encode Homologous Protein Phosphatases 2C Involved in Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction
J. Leung, S. Merlot and J. Giraudat
Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR40, avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Abscisic acid (ABA) mediates seed maturation and adaptive responses to
environmental stress. In Arabidopsis, the ABA-INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1) protein
phosphatase 2C is required for proper ABA responsiveness both in seeds and
in vegetative tissues. To determine whether the lack of recessive alleles
at the corresponding locus could be explained by the existence of redundant
genes, we initiated a search for ABI1 homologs. One such homolog turned out
to be the ABI2 locus, whose abi2-1 mutation was previously known to
decrease ABA sensitivity. Whereas abi1-1 is (semi)dominant, abi2-1 has been
described as recessive and maternally controlled at the germination stage.
Unexpectedly, the sequence of the abi2-1 mutation showed that it converts
Gly-168 to Asp, which is precisely the same amino acid substitution found
in abi1-1 and at the coincidental position within the ABI1 phosphatase
domain (Gly-180 to Asp). In vitro assays and functional complementation
studies in yeast confirmed that the ABI2 protein is an active protein
phosphatase 2C and that the abi2-1 mutation reduced phosphatase activity as
well as affinity to Mg2+. Although a number of differences between the two
mutants in adaptive responses to stress have been reported, quantitative
comparisons of other major phenotypes showed that the effects of both
abi1-1 and abi2-1 on these processes are nearly indistinguishable. Thus,
the homologous ABI1 and ABI2 phosphatases appear to assume partially
redundant functions in ABA signaling, which may provide a mechanism to
maintain informational homeostasis.
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