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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 9, Issue 9 1559-1572, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Two Distinct Sources of Elicited Reactive Oxygen Species in Tobacco Epidermal Cells
A. C. Allan and R. Fluhr
Department of Plant Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a prominent role in early and later
stages of the plant pathogenesis response, putatively acting as both
cellular signaling molecules and direct antipathogen agents. A single-cell
assay, based on the fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescein, was used to
scrutinize the generation and movement of ROS in tobacco epidermal tissue.
ROS, generated within cells, quickly moved apoplastically as H2O2 into
neighboring cells. Two classes of rapidly elicited intracellular ROS,
originating from distinct sources, were distinguished. Cryptogein, the
fungal elicitor from Phytophthora cryptogea, induced ROS from a
flavin-containing oxidase source. ROS accumulation could be inhibited by a
number of pharmacological agents, suggesting induction through an active
signal transduction pathway. The insensitivity of the increase in ROS to
the external addition of enzymes that dissipate ROS suggests that this
oxidative increase is primarily intracellular. In contrast, amines and
polyamines, compounds that form during wounding and pathogenesis, induced
ROS at an apoplastic site from peroxidase- or amine oxidase-type enzyme(s).
Salicylic acid, a putative inhibitor of cellular catalases and peroxidases,
did not induce cellular ROS, as measured by dichlorofluorescein
fluorescence. The physiological relevance of ROS-generated signals was
indicated by the rapid alteration of the epidermal cell glutathione pool
and the cellular redox state. In addition, induction of ROS by all
elicitors was correlated with subsequent cell death.
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