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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on October 27, 2009; 10.1105/tpc.109.066167

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Received February 12, 2009
Returned for revision August 29, 2009
Accepted October 2, 2009

Transcript-Based Cloning of RRP46, a Regulator of rRNA Processing and R Gene–Independent Cell Death in Barley–Powdery Mildew Interactions

Liu Xi 1, Matthew J. Moscou 2, Yan Meng 1, Weihui Xu 1, Rico A. Caldo 1, Miranda Shaver 3, Dan Nettleton 4, and Roger P. Wise 5*

1 Department of Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020
2 Department of Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3260
3 National Institutes of Health–National Science Foundation Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology Summer Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020
4 Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1210
5 Department of Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3260; National Institutes of Health–National Science Foundation Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology Summer Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020; Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rpwise{at}iastate.edu.

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a pivotal role in plant development and defense. To investigate the interaction between PCD and R gene–mediated defense, we used the 22K Barley1 GeneChip to compare and contrast time-course expression profiles of Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) challenged barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar C.I. 16151 (harboring the Mla6 powdery mildew resistance allele) and its fast neutron–derived Bgh-induced tip cell death1 mutant, bcd1. Mixed linear model analysis identified genes associated with the cell death phenotype as opposed to R gene–mediated resistance. One-hundred fifty genes were found at the threshold P value < 0.0001 and a false discovery rate <0.6%. Of these, 124 were constitutively overexpressed in the bcd1 mutant. Gene Ontology and rice (Oryza sativa) alignment-based annotation indicated that 68 of the 124 overexpressed genes encode ribosomal proteins. A deletion harboring six genes on chromosome 5H cosegregates with bcd1-specified cell death and is associated with misprocessing of rRNAs but segregates independent of R gene–mediated resistance. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of one of the six deleted genes, RRP46 (rRNA-processing protein 46), phenocopied bcd1-mediated tip cell death. These findings suggest that RRP46, a critical component of the exosome core, mediates RNA processing and degradation involved in cell death initiation as a result of attempted penetration by Bgh during the barley–powdery mildew interaction but is independent of gene-for-gene resistance.




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Loss of an Exosome Complex Component Potentiates R Gene-Independent Cell Death in Barley
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2009; 21(10): 2986 - 2986.
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